Biology STAAR Review RC #1 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - organic molecules that combine to form living
organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of monosaccharides
(glucose or fructose); composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ring-link structure; simple
& complex sugars
store energy/primary energy source
lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of (LOTS!!) carbon, hydrogen, &
(FEW!) oxygen; includes all fats, oils, waxes, & sterols; uses: important component of cell
membranes, long-term energy storage
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of amino acids; composed of
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen; ex: enzyme, keratin, collagen
nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides
contain a phosphate, 5-Carbon sugar, & a nitrogen base; ex: DNA & RNA
monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - single unit; (*picture: one section of glucose or a
single unit of sugar)
polymer - CORRECT ANSWER - many units linked together; made up of smaller
monomers (*notice that this is just many units of glucose)
condensation - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical reaction in which water (or another
simple substance) is released by the combining of two or more molecules; aka dehydration
synthesis
, dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical reaction that builds up or links
molecules by losing water molecules
hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - splitting a compound into fragments by adding water;
breaks down polymers into simpler units (monomers); ex: starch into sugar (separate glucose
molecules)
organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - organic compound that always contains
carbon; ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism whose cell lacks a nucleus;
bacteria only
eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - organism possessing nucleus: animals, plants, fungi &
protists
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organism regulates internal conditions (stabilizes
health and function) regardless of outside changing conditions; ex: sweating or shivering
chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-conversion organelle found in plants;
converts solar energy to chemical energy
mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-conversion organelle; changes food-energy
into chemical energy
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that digests worn-out, old cell parts &
wastes
vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that stores and removes waste; larger in plant
cells
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Biomolecules - CORRECT ANSWER - organic molecules that combine to form living
organisms; includes carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of monosaccharides
(glucose or fructose); composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen in a ring-link structure; simple
& complex sugars
store energy/primary energy source
lipid - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule composed of (LOTS!!) carbon, hydrogen, &
(FEW!) oxygen; includes all fats, oils, waxes, & sterols; uses: important component of cell
membranes, long-term energy storage
proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of amino acids; composed of
nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen; ex: enzyme, keratin, collagen
nucleic acids - CORRECT ANSWER - biomolecule made up of nucleotides; nucleotides
contain a phosphate, 5-Carbon sugar, & a nitrogen base; ex: DNA & RNA
monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - single unit; (*picture: one section of glucose or a
single unit of sugar)
polymer - CORRECT ANSWER - many units linked together; made up of smaller
monomers (*notice that this is just many units of glucose)
condensation - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical reaction in which water (or another
simple substance) is released by the combining of two or more molecules; aka dehydration
synthesis
, dehydration synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - a chemical reaction that builds up or links
molecules by losing water molecules
hydrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER - splitting a compound into fragments by adding water;
breaks down polymers into simpler units (monomers); ex: starch into sugar (separate glucose
molecules)
organic molecule - CORRECT ANSWER - organic compound that always contains
carbon; ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
prokaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism whose cell lacks a nucleus;
bacteria only
eukaryote - CORRECT ANSWER - organism possessing nucleus: animals, plants, fungi &
protists
homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organism regulates internal conditions (stabilizes
health and function) regardless of outside changing conditions; ex: sweating or shivering
chloroplast - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-conversion organelle found in plants;
converts solar energy to chemical energy
mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - energy-conversion organelle; changes food-energy
into chemical energy
lysosome - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that digests worn-out, old cell parts &
wastes
vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that stores and removes waste; larger in plant
cells
