Test Bank - for Journey Across the Life Span: Human
Development and Health Promotion Seventh Edition by
Elaine U. Polan, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+
In early civilization, illness was often believed to be caused by.. - supernatural forces
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Primitive surgery existed before the advent of - greek medicine
v v v v v v v v v
Medical schools were established in Greek in - 6th century
v v v v v v v v v
First physician to believe that treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing component -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Hippocrates
v
Diseases were often warded off by - incantations, magic or charms, use of herb concoctions
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
beating, torturing or starving the sick v v v v v
Knowledge of disease process occurred with the - Advent of bacteriology in 19th century
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Important scientists who made a significant impact contributing to the scientific understanding of health and disease -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Louis Pasteur
v v
Robert Koch v
Joseph Lister v
During the 20th century, a major cause of death was - Infectious diseases
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Vaccines and antibiotics were discovered/used - Between 1936 and 1954
v v v v v v v v v
Health challenges facing the population today - tuberculosis, measles, HIV, AIDS, Ebola virus, Drug resistant strains of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
organisms (staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Salmonella)
v v v v v v v
Still an issue in today - access to health care for all
v v v v v v v v v v v
(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) Healthy people 2020 is - Scientific basis for disease prevention and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
health promotion for all people in the United States
v v v v v v v v v
provides a 10 yr progress report describing health care accomplishments within the U.S. and future needs
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Healthy People's first issue - Healthy People 2000:
v v v v v v v
aim was to reduce health disparities among Americans
v v v v v v v
Healthy People 2010 - identified two major national health goals:
v v v v v v v v v
1. increase the quality and years of a healthy life. Life expectancy has increased from 47.3 to 77 years
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
2. Eliminate the health disparities among persons that exist according to gender, race, ethnicity, education, income,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disability, location, and sexual orientation. Despite differences, this initiative was dedicated to making certain that all
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
persons in our nation have equal access
v v v v v v v
Healthy People 2020 Overarching Goals - Improve the quality of life of all Americans and keep them free of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death
v v v v v v v
Equity in Health care and the elimination of disparities, among different groups will improve the health of all Americans
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
, Emphasis on Good quality of life and healthy behaviors at all stages of development
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Major Health Priorities/Indicators in the nation - Access to health care
v v v v v v v v v v
Clinical preventive services v v
Environmental quality v
Immunization
Injury and Violence v v
Maternal, infant, and child health v v v v
Mental health v
Oral health v
Overweight and obesity v v
Physical activity v
Reproductive and sexual health v v v
Social determinants v
Substance abuse v
Tobacco use v
1935 was passed by Congress - Social Security Act: federal aid to states for public health and assistance. Became the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
foundation for growth of Medicare and Medicaid legislation in 1965
v v v v v v v v v v
Affordable Care Act - main objective: move away from a focus on illness and toward a focus on prevention and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
wellness, with the goal of creating a more equally accessible system for the population
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Also emphasizes improving quality of care, patient care outcomes, accountability and cost reduction
v v v v v v v v v v v v
*expansion of medicaid coverage v v v
Health can be defined as - Balance between internal and external forces
v v v v v v v v v v v
Government agencies that pay for health care - Medicaid, Medicare, CHIP, and the Veterans Health administration
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(VHA)
v
*other persons pay private companies
v v v v
*15-16% remain uninsured v v
Managed health care - dominant form of health care; v v v v v v v v
Primary Care Provider (nurse, physician, physician's assistant) is assigned to provide basic health care services
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
AIM is to reduce the hospitalizations, costly procedures and referrals
v v v v v v v v v
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) - managed care structures responsible for the financing, organization, and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
delegation of services for members.
v v v v v
Provides a plan that has the provider assume some of the financial risks and uses primary providers as the gatekeepers
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) - established network of providers that deliver services to the private sector for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a discounted fee.
v v v
Statistics show that Canadians - have a longer life expectancy and lower infant mortality rates
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the WHO defined health as - a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disease or infirmity
v v v
*Worldwide health promotion v v
*monitors global health care issues, such as re-emergence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis
v v v v v v v v v v v v
psychological health - how a person feels and expresses emotions v v v v v v v v v
social health - deals with everyday issues of economics, religion, and culture and the interactions of people living
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
together
v
Development and Health Promotion Seventh Edition by
Elaine U. Polan, All Chapters | Complete Guide A+
In early civilization, illness was often believed to be caused by.. - supernatural forces
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Primitive surgery existed before the advent of - greek medicine
v v v v v v v v v
Medical schools were established in Greek in - 6th century
v v v v v v v v v
First physician to believe that treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing component -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Hippocrates
v
Diseases were often warded off by - incantations, magic or charms, use of herb concoctions
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
beating, torturing or starving the sick v v v v v
Knowledge of disease process occurred with the - Advent of bacteriology in 19th century
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Important scientists who made a significant impact contributing to the scientific understanding of health and disease -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Louis Pasteur
v v
Robert Koch v
Joseph Lister v
During the 20th century, a major cause of death was - Infectious diseases
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Vaccines and antibiotics were discovered/used - Between 1936 and 1954
v v v v v v v v v
Health challenges facing the population today - tuberculosis, measles, HIV, AIDS, Ebola virus, Drug resistant strains of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
organisms (staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and Salmonella)
v v v v v v v
Still an issue in today - access to health care for all
v v v v v v v v v v v
(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) Healthy people 2020 is - Scientific basis for disease prevention and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
health promotion for all people in the United States
v v v v v v v v v
provides a 10 yr progress report describing health care accomplishments within the U.S. and future needs
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Healthy People's first issue - Healthy People 2000:
v v v v v v v
aim was to reduce health disparities among Americans
v v v v v v v
Healthy People 2010 - identified two major national health goals:
v v v v v v v v v
1. increase the quality and years of a healthy life. Life expectancy has increased from 47.3 to 77 years
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
2. Eliminate the health disparities among persons that exist according to gender, race, ethnicity, education, income,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disability, location, and sexual orientation. Despite differences, this initiative was dedicated to making certain that all
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
persons in our nation have equal access
v v v v v v v
Healthy People 2020 Overarching Goals - Improve the quality of life of all Americans and keep them free of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death
v v v v v v v
Equity in Health care and the elimination of disparities, among different groups will improve the health of all Americans
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
, Emphasis on Good quality of life and healthy behaviors at all stages of development
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Major Health Priorities/Indicators in the nation - Access to health care
v v v v v v v v v v
Clinical preventive services v v
Environmental quality v
Immunization
Injury and Violence v v
Maternal, infant, and child health v v v v
Mental health v
Oral health v
Overweight and obesity v v
Physical activity v
Reproductive and sexual health v v v
Social determinants v
Substance abuse v
Tobacco use v
1935 was passed by Congress - Social Security Act: federal aid to states for public health and assistance. Became the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
foundation for growth of Medicare and Medicaid legislation in 1965
v v v v v v v v v v
Affordable Care Act - main objective: move away from a focus on illness and toward a focus on prevention and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
wellness, with the goal of creating a more equally accessible system for the population
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Also emphasizes improving quality of care, patient care outcomes, accountability and cost reduction
v v v v v v v v v v v v
*expansion of medicaid coverage v v v
Health can be defined as - Balance between internal and external forces
v v v v v v v v v v v
Government agencies that pay for health care - Medicaid, Medicare, CHIP, and the Veterans Health administration
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(VHA)
v
*other persons pay private companies
v v v v
*15-16% remain uninsured v v
Managed health care - dominant form of health care; v v v v v v v v
Primary Care Provider (nurse, physician, physician's assistant) is assigned to provide basic health care services
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
AIM is to reduce the hospitalizations, costly procedures and referrals
v v v v v v v v v
Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) - managed care structures responsible for the financing, organization, and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
delegation of services for members.
v v v v v
Provides a plan that has the provider assume some of the financial risks and uses primary providers as the gatekeepers
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) - established network of providers that deliver services to the private sector for
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
a discounted fee.
v v v
Statistics show that Canadians - have a longer life expectancy and lower infant mortality rates
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the WHO defined health as - a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
disease or infirmity
v v v
*Worldwide health promotion v v
*monitors global health care issues, such as re-emergence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis
v v v v v v v v v v v v
psychological health - how a person feels and expresses emotions v v v v v v v v v
social health - deals with everyday issues of economics, religion, and culture and the interactions of people living
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
together
v
