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Samenvatting Overzicht / Inhoudstafel beknopt morfologie spijsverteringsstelsel

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Uploaded on
May 29, 2025
Number of pages
25
Written in
2023/2024
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1. INLEIDING

2. REGENING VAN VOEDSELOPNANME
- Rol van hypothalamus
- Anorexigene peptiden
• POMC
o 𝛼-MSH
o 𝐶𝐶𝐾
o CRH
• CART

- Orexigenen peptiden
• NPY
• AGRP

- Orexigene stumuli
• Ghreline

2.1 Verzadigingssignalen
- Leptine
- Insuline
- Incretines
• GLP-1 (L-cellen darm)
• GIP (K-cellen duodenum jejunum)
- CKK
- Peptide YY
- Pancreas peptide
• Via vagale reflexen
• ↘ als glycemie stijgt
• Diabetici: verhoogde PP bloedspiegel

2.2 Honger signaal
- Ghreline
• ° Fundus en corpus
• Diabetogeen: insuline resistent
• Obesogeen: versterkt vetaanmaak (visceraal)
• Gastric bypass: daling


3. CONTROLE MOTILITEIT
3.1 Neuronale controle
➢ ExtrinsieK – Parasympathische innervatie
- Efferent
• Excitatorisch:
o ACh
o Supstance O
• Inhibitorisch
o NO
o VIP, ATP, PACAP




1

,➢ Intrinsiek – Orthosympatische innervatie

SPIERCELLEN
- Rechtsreeks via
• Inhibitie → ß-adrenerge
• Excitatie → 𝛼-adrenerge

- Onrechtesreeks via: inhibitorische VIP e NO
• Rechtsreeks: NA en somatostatine

KLIERCELLEN
- Rechtsreeks
• NA en somatostatine

- Onrechtsreeks
• VIP en dynorfine

BLOEDVATEN
- NA en NPY

Anatomie intrinsieke innervatie
1) Mucosa
2) Muscularis mucosae
3) Submucosa
4) Plexus van Meissner (submucosal)
• Minder motoriek
• Regeling microcirculatie


5) Circulaire spieren
6) Plexus Auerbach (myenterische)
• Opgebouwd uit ganglia
• Intrinsieke bezenuwing darm


7) Longitudinale spieren
8) Serosa



Peristaltische reflex
- IPAN: Intrinsic Primary Afferent Neurons
- Serotinine
- Mechanische → chemische

Enterische neuronen
- S-neuron:
• Meerdere AP
• ~ interneuronen of motorneuronen

- AH (afterhyperpolarisation) neuronen
• ~ sensiebele neuronen


2

, 3.2 Myogene controle
- Gladde spiercellen
• GAP-junctions
• Activatie door
o GPCR
o VDCC
o ROC

➢ Interstitiële cellen van Cajal
- ° basaal ritmische activiteit
- Pacemaker activiteit over darm heen
- ° slowwaves
- Maag: 3/min
- Dunne darm: 10-12/min

- SPIKES: (depolarisatie) gestimuleerd door
• Stretch
• ACh
• Parasympatisch

- HYPERPOLARISATIE: gestimuleerd door:
• NO
• Sympatisch

2 soorten contracties
- Fasische contracties
• ~ peristaltisch reflex

- Tonische contracties
• ~ sfincters

3.3 Hormonale controle
- Endocrien
• Glucagon
- Paracrien
• Histamine

- Stimulerende werking
• Ghreline
• Motiline
• CCK
o Signaal pancreas
o Maaglediging onderbroken
o Contracties galblaas

- Inhibitoren
• Somatostatines
• Incretines
o GLP




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