Exam 2: NUR 210/ NUR210 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Principles of Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) Grade A | Galen./

Exam 2: NUR 210/ NUR210 (Latest 2025/ 2026 Update) Principles of Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Answers | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) Grade A | Galen./ Question: What are the two systems of the ANS? Answer: sympathetic and parasympathetic Question: What response does the Sympathetic Nervous System stimulate? Answer: Fight or Flight response Question: What response does the Parasympathetic Nervous System stimulate? Answer: Rest and Digest Question: Andregenic Agents can also be known as _____________. Answer: symapthomometics Question: The Beta 1 receptor controls what body system? Answer: Cardiac (heart) Question: What response in the heart is caused by stimulation of the Beta 1 receptor? Answer: Makes it beat faster and stronger Question: The Beta 2 receptor controls what body system? Answer: respiratory (lungs) Question: What response in the lungs is caused by stimulation of the Beta 2 receptor? Answer: bronchodilation Question: Which ANS affecting medication deals with the Sympathetic nervous system? Answer: Adrenergic Agents Question: What responses are caused by the stimulation of the Alpha Receptors? Answer: vasodilation (perpheral vascular), pupilary dilation Question: Nervousness, insomnia, fine muscle tremors, palpitation, tachycardia, and hypertension are all side effects of what agent? Answer: Adrenergic Agents Question: What kind of medicine increases the effects of the Parasympathetic Nervous System? Answer: Cholinergic Agents Question: What affect do Andrenergic Agents in the cardiac system? Answer: Tachycardia Question: What affect do Andrenergic Agents cause in the respiratory system? Answer: Bronchodilation Question: What affect do Adrenergic Agents cause in the peripheral vascular system? Answer: vasoconstriction (causes increased BP) Question: What affect do Adrenergic Agents have on the eyes? Answer: pupillary dilation Question: What are side effects? Answer: Too much of a good thing Question: What is another name for Cholinergic Agents? Answer: Muscarinic Agonists Question: What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the heart? Answer: slows the heart rate Question: What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the colon? Answer: Stimulates peristalis (relaxes) Question: What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the bladder? Answer: increases bladder tone (helps urination) Question: What affect do Cholinergic Agents on the eyes? Answer: pupillary constriction, decreased intraocular pressure Question: Diarrhea, frequent urination, and blurred distance vision are all side effects of which agent? Answer: Cholinergic Agents Question: What medicine blocks the Parasympathetic Nervous System and doesn't stimulate the Sympathetic Nervous System? (aka a Cholinergic Blocker) Answer: Anticholinergic Agents Question: Which ANS agent is used prior surgeries to dry out mucous membranes? Answer: Anticholinergic Agents Question: Another name for an Anticholinergic Agent is a _______. Answer: Cholinergic Antagonist Question: What affect do Anticholinergic Agents have on the cardiac system? Answer: mild increase in pulse rate Question: What affect do anticholinergic agents have on the respiratory system? Answer: mild bronchial dilator Question: T/F: Anticholinergic Agents are used as a treatment for conditions requiring total bronchodilation. Answer: False Question: What affect do Anticholinergic Agents have on the mucous membranes? Answer: decrease salivation (drys them out) Question: T/F: Prior to surgery Anticholinergic Agents are given to prevent aspiration during the procedure. Answer: True Question: What affect do Anticholinergic Agents have on the colon? Answer: decreases GI motility Question: What affect do Anticholinergic Agents have on the eyes? Answer: pupillary dilation Question: Decreased urination, decreased defecation, decreased saliva, and decreased (poor) vision are all side effects of which ANS agent? (can't pee, can't see, can't spit, can't shit) Answer: Anticholinergic Agents Question: Cholinergic Agents can also be known as ______________. Answer: Parasymathomimetics Question: Normal body flora are found where? Answer: Bowels, upper respiratory tract, skin, vaginal vault Question: _________ are the normal body flora found in the bowels. Answer: Probiotics Question: What WBC type increases within the 24 hours of infection? Answer: neutrophils Question: What WBC type is present with an allergic reaction? Answer: eosinophils Question: What WBC type appears during the healing process? Answer: basophils Question: What WBC type appears late in the inflammatory process and with chronic inflammation? Answer: lymphocytes Question: What WBC is known for digesting things? Answer: monocytes Question: The nurse recieves paper charting that claims there was a "shift to the left" in the Complete Blood Count (CBC) w/ WBC differetial. The nurse knows this means: Answer: There has been an increase in neutrophils indicating an infection Question: What is the purpose of bone marrow producing bands? Answer: Bands of WBCs are produced to create as many WBCs as possible to fight the infection Question: The nurse notes redness, warmth, edema, and pain around a cut. The nurse knows this is an example of a ________ reaction. Answer: local reaction Question: A reaction throughout an entire body system is known as a ___________. Answer: systemic reaction Question: Leukocytosis (increased WBCs), fatigue, fever, enlarged lymphnodes, and confusion in elderly patients are all symptoms of a __________________________. Answer: systemic reaction Question: A healthy (non-immunocompromised) individual presents symptoms of an infection following a procedure. The nurse knows most noscocomial infections in health individuals come from _____________. Answer: invasive procedures Question: How can a health care asccoicated infection be transmitted through an antibiotic? Answer: incorrect or inappropriate administration Question: A nursing student knows both _______ and ____________ populations can be compromised hosts due to age. Answer: newborn and elderly Question: T/F: Nutritional deficiencies can lead to higher susceptiblilty of infection. Answer: True Question: T/F: A healthcare providers failure to adhere to infection and prevetion control activities (PPE, infection control guidelines, etc.) can lead to patient infection. Answer: True Question: T/F: An individuals exposure to the healthcare system doesn't make them a compromised host. Answer: False Question: T/F: A patient who has chronic coexisting medical conditions is a compromised host. Answer: True Question: T/F: Physiological Stress isn't a factor that leads to an individual becoming a compromised host. Answer: False Question: Antibotics that kill only a few bugs are known as a ____________ antibiotic. Answer: narrow spectrum Question: The antibiotic that kills everything, including normal body flora, is known as a _______________ antibiotic. Answer: broad spectrum Question: The nurse knows a patient will need antibiotics but doesn't have the results from the culture yet. The nurse knows they should begin the patient on _________ spectrum antibiotics and then move to __________ spectrum when the results come back. Answer: Broad, Narrow Question: A ________________ antibiotic kills bacteria by breaking open the cell wall of germs. Answer: baceriocidal Question: A ___________ antibiotic limits the growth of bacteria so the body processes can eliminate them. Answer: bacteriostatic Question: The nurse is giving antibiotics for gram-negative bugs. The nurse knows that killing gram-negative bugs is ______ than gram-positive due to an extra layer on the gram-negative cell wall. Answer: harder Question: T/F: a culture should be obtained AFTER starting the antibiotic. Answer: False (obtaining a culture after antibiotic administration will result in the issue being masked) Question: The nurse is administering antibiotics to a patient. The order states that the antibiotic should be given TID. The nurse knows that it is important to administer an antibiotic at regular intervals to ensure even distribution. This being said, the nurse should give it q ____ h. (this is allegedly a test question per Rayman) Answer: 8 Question: When educating a patient about antibiotic use, it is important for the nurse to stress the importance of ________________ even after symptoms subside. Not doing so can lead to reinfection or antibiotic resistance. Answer: taking all of it Question: When giving a broad spectrum antibiotic it's important to monitior for a __________ or a secondary infection. Answer: suprainfection Question: T/F: The interaction between oral contraceptives and antibiotics can block the effectiveness of the contraceptive. Answer: True Question: The nursing student knows that all forms of __________ because the end in the suffix -illin. Answer: penicillin Question: T/F: Penicllin is baceriostatic. Answer: False (bactericidal) Question: T/F: Penicillin is prone to bacterial resistance. Answer: True (it's been around for a long time) Question: T/F: Penicillin has a high prevelance of allergic reactions. Answer: True Question: T/F: Penicillin should be taken with food. Answer: False (patient should take on an empty stomach q 1 h ac) Question: A patient has an allergic reaction featuring a red rash all over the body and possible breathing problems. The nurse knows this indicative of: Answer: Penicillin Allergic Reaction Question: An immediate penicillin allergic reaction happens in ______. Answer: 2-30 minutes Question: An accelerated penicillin allergic reaction happens in __________. Answer: 1-72 hours Question: A late penicillin allergic reaction happens in _________. Answer: days or weeks Question: A patient is having an allergic reaction R/T penicillin. The nurses first action should be: Answer: stop administration Question: To decrease swelling after an allergic reaction to penicillin the nurse should give: epinephrine and antihistamines Answer: Question: T/F: If penicllin is the best treatment for the bug, a physician could order benadryl to take with the penicillin to stop the allergic reaction. Answer: True Question: A nursing student is identifying Cephalsporins, the student knows that all forms begin with the prefix _________. Answer: Cef- Question: There are ______ generations of Cephalsporins. Answer: 4 Question: The nurse knows that cephalsporins can penetrate the extra layer on a gram-negative bug, making them ____________. Answer: bactericidal Question: Allergic reactions, bleeding, thrombophelbitis are all ADRs of which antibiotic? Answer: Cephalosporins Question: The first generation cephalosporins combat gram-__________ bacteria, and are _________ spectrum. Answer: postive, broad Question: Second genertion cephalosprins combat gram-_________ and some gram-______________ bacteria. They are _____________ spectrum. Answer: positive, negative, broad Question: Cephalosporins can penetrate ___________ an extra envelope on gram-negative bacteria. Answer: beta-lactamase Question: Third generation cephalosporins combat gram-___________ and some gram-_____________ bacteria. They are _________ spectrum. Answer: negative, positive, broad Question: Fourth generation cephalosporins combat gram-___________ bacteria and are _____________ spectrum. Answer: negative, broad Question: T/F: Third generation cephalosporins can enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Answer: True Question: T/F: Fourth generation cephalosporins cannot enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Answer: False Question: T/F: Cephalosporins are similar in structure to penicillins. Answer: True Question: A patient has been prescribed tetracyclines, the nurse knows these are ___________ spectrum. Answer: broad Question: T/F: Tetracyclines deal only with gram-negative bacteria. Answer: False (gram-positive AND gram-negative) Question: The nurse is caring for a client with the following vital signs: temp 101.4F, pulse 105, pulse ox 99%, respiration rate 20, blood pressure 125/71. The nurse would suspect which of the following labs to be elevated? Answer: - Red Blood Cells - White Blood Cells - Platelets - Complete Blood Count White Blood Cells (increased when infection is present) Question: The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving penicillin. For which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor? Select all that apply. Answer: - A decrease in WBCs and Platelets - Diarrhea - Constipation - Renal Failure - Allergic Reactions (rash and/or anaphylaxis) A decrease in WBCs and platelets, diarrhea, allergic reactions (rash and/or anaphylaxis) Question: The nurse is administering a cephalosporin to a client following a sinus infection. Which of the following are side effects associated with this medication? Select all that apply. Answer: - vaginal cadidiasis - abdominal cramps - constipation - diarrhea - blood clotting tedencies vaginal cadidiasis, abdominal cramps, diarrhea Question: T/F: Tetracyclines are bacteriostatic. Answer: True Question: For the purpose of absorption, the nurse knows tetracyclines should be taken ___________. Answer: on an empty stomach Question: Tetracyclines inhibit _____________. Answer: protein synthesis Question: A client is being prescribed doxycylinen (tetracycline) and the nurse knows that which of the following would be a contraindication for this client? Answer: - pregnancy - history of headaches - renal failure - peptic ulcers pregnancy Question: Calcium, iron, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, and all dairy products do not interact well with what antibiotic? Answer: tetracyclines