Medical-Surgical Nursing Concepts (NURS 242) –
Galen – Exam-Ready Materials with A+ Graded
Assignments and Clinical Case Applications
When is it okay to subject a woman in childbearing age to radiation - during
menstruation or 10-14 days afterwards
There is no special preparation for a conventional xray (T/F) - True
3 main indications for an xray - trauma cases, broken bones, musculoskeletal issues
if possible you should remove what 3 things before an xray - chest electrodes, IV, jewlery
When would you want a preoperative chest x-ray (CXR) - if pt is over 40 y/o or having a
significant medical procedure
CXR is often used to identify what 4 things - broken ribs, pneumothorax, suspected
pulmonary d/o, size/shape of heart
You always need to bowel prep for an abdominal radiograph (T/F) - False, preferable and
good to do if you can but not needed for all
What is a KUB and what is it used for - Kidney, Ureter, bladder x-ray; look for structure,
size, and abnormalities in those organs as well as look for renal calculi
What is a bone and joint x-ray for - Identify presence, location, and type of fx
injury to surrounding soft tissue, healing, dislocation of joint, tumor, infection, loss of bone
mass
What is a barium enema used for? How long does it take? What do you need to do to prepare? -
examining the lower colon; takes 1 - 1 1/2 hours; need to have a full liquid diet the day
before and prep the bowels with enemas, laxatives, electrolyte irrigation, and suppositories
barium is given to pt to make the intestines light up
What is a special considerations for after a barium enema? - will see white streaks in the
stool as the barium is expelled
, what are the 4 sensations a patient may feel when having contrast dye - warmth
sensation, salty taste, headache, nausea
what do you need to assess before giving a patient contrast - allergy to iodine, previous
hypersensitivity reaction, serum creatinine and BUN
How long do you need to wait before taking a urine test after having contrast? - 24 hours
(if sooner the dye can interfere with the results)
what should you educate the patient to do after having contrast dye - increase fluid
consumption
How long before having contrast should you discontinue metformin - 2 days before
What does CAT stand for? What can it distinguish between? - computerized axial
tomography; almost all types of tissues except for nerves, benign v malignant tumors
What does IVP stand for? what is it used for? do you need to bowel prep? - Intravenous
Urography; see the ability of the urinary tract to excrete dyes; yes bowel prep, can be hard to
see if there are feces
What does MRI stand for? What does it do? What is contraindicated with it? - Magnetic
resonance imaging; images clearly define internal organ structure, show changes to tissues, and
determine benign or malignant tumors; metal objects of any kind are contraindicated (MRI
machine is like one big magnet)
what imaging type is the best for detecting gallstones? - abdominal ultrasound
in what kind of ultrasounds would you need a full bladder for and why? - pelvic/gyno
exams; the extra water in the bladder helps conduct the waves of the ultrasound
ultrasounds do not require any special prep (t/F) - false- pt needs to be NPO by food for
12 hours and may need extra bowel prep before exam
what are ultrasounds considered the major diagnostic tool for? - liver, spleen, Pancreas,
hepatobiliary tract
what 2 imaging types do not use radiation to create a picture - MRI (magnets) and
ultrasound (soundwaves)
what is considered the gold standard for evaluating heart valves - echocardiogram
what kind of imaging is used when doing an echocardiogram - ultrasound
Galen – Exam-Ready Materials with A+ Graded
Assignments and Clinical Case Applications
When is it okay to subject a woman in childbearing age to radiation - during
menstruation or 10-14 days afterwards
There is no special preparation for a conventional xray (T/F) - True
3 main indications for an xray - trauma cases, broken bones, musculoskeletal issues
if possible you should remove what 3 things before an xray - chest electrodes, IV, jewlery
When would you want a preoperative chest x-ray (CXR) - if pt is over 40 y/o or having a
significant medical procedure
CXR is often used to identify what 4 things - broken ribs, pneumothorax, suspected
pulmonary d/o, size/shape of heart
You always need to bowel prep for an abdominal radiograph (T/F) - False, preferable and
good to do if you can but not needed for all
What is a KUB and what is it used for - Kidney, Ureter, bladder x-ray; look for structure,
size, and abnormalities in those organs as well as look for renal calculi
What is a bone and joint x-ray for - Identify presence, location, and type of fx
injury to surrounding soft tissue, healing, dislocation of joint, tumor, infection, loss of bone
mass
What is a barium enema used for? How long does it take? What do you need to do to prepare? -
examining the lower colon; takes 1 - 1 1/2 hours; need to have a full liquid diet the day
before and prep the bowels with enemas, laxatives, electrolyte irrigation, and suppositories
barium is given to pt to make the intestines light up
What is a special considerations for after a barium enema? - will see white streaks in the
stool as the barium is expelled
, what are the 4 sensations a patient may feel when having contrast dye - warmth
sensation, salty taste, headache, nausea
what do you need to assess before giving a patient contrast - allergy to iodine, previous
hypersensitivity reaction, serum creatinine and BUN
How long do you need to wait before taking a urine test after having contrast? - 24 hours
(if sooner the dye can interfere with the results)
what should you educate the patient to do after having contrast dye - increase fluid
consumption
How long before having contrast should you discontinue metformin - 2 days before
What does CAT stand for? What can it distinguish between? - computerized axial
tomography; almost all types of tissues except for nerves, benign v malignant tumors
What does IVP stand for? what is it used for? do you need to bowel prep? - Intravenous
Urography; see the ability of the urinary tract to excrete dyes; yes bowel prep, can be hard to
see if there are feces
What does MRI stand for? What does it do? What is contraindicated with it? - Magnetic
resonance imaging; images clearly define internal organ structure, show changes to tissues, and
determine benign or malignant tumors; metal objects of any kind are contraindicated (MRI
machine is like one big magnet)
what imaging type is the best for detecting gallstones? - abdominal ultrasound
in what kind of ultrasounds would you need a full bladder for and why? - pelvic/gyno
exams; the extra water in the bladder helps conduct the waves of the ultrasound
ultrasounds do not require any special prep (t/F) - false- pt needs to be NPO by food for
12 hours and may need extra bowel prep before exam
what are ultrasounds considered the major diagnostic tool for? - liver, spleen, Pancreas,
hepatobiliary tract
what 2 imaging types do not use radiation to create a picture - MRI (magnets) and
ultrasound (soundwaves)
what is considered the gold standard for evaluating heart valves - echocardiogram
what kind of imaging is used when doing an echocardiogram - ultrasound
