TESTBANK x#
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
x# x# x# x# x# x#
Patrick J. Hurley
x# x#
,Chapter 1 Test A x# x# x#
MULTIPLE CHOICE x#
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are work
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ing more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ypical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity co
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
nsidered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasan
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
t.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: D x # PTS: x # x # 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces othe
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
r metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pre
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ssure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme pr
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
oduction (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the r
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
eactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and r
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ecall information. x#
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. x# x# x# x#
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: C x # PTS: x # x # 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom wh
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "ri
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ght rule" whatever the situation.
x# x# x# x#
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itsel
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
f.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E x # PTS: x # x # 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
#tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amoun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
t these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnin
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
gs of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
hat illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they liv
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
1
,e.
2
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pa
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
y.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A x # PTS: x # x # 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
x# x# x# x#
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against proper
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ty and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in priso
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
n.
ANS: B x # PTS: x # x # 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are crim
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
inal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in commit
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ting identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zom
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
bie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PC
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: E x # PTS: x # x # 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made thro
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ugh the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planet
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ologists.
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
.
ANS: C x # PTS: x # x # 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, commun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medic
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat a
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
nd life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
3
A CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO LOGIC 11TH EDITION
x# x# x# x# x# x#
Patrick J. Hurley
x# x#
,Chapter 1 Test A x# x# x#
MULTIPLE CHOICE x#
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are work
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ing more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ypical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity co
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
nsidered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasan
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
t.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: D x # PTS: x # x # 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces othe
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
r metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pre
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ssure (which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme pr
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
oduction (which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the r
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
eactions that transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and r
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ecall information. x#
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. x# x# x# x#
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
.
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: C x # PTS: x # x # 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
the proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom wh
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
o have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "ri
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ght rule" whatever the situation.
x# x# x# x#
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itsel
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
f.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E x # PTS: x # x # 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
#tax and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amoun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
t these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnin
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
gs of their employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say t
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
hat illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they liv
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
1
,e.
2
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pa
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
y.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A x # PTS: x # x # 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
x# x# x# x#
American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against proper
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ty and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug offenses, Euroamerican women
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S." x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer periods in priso
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
n.
ANS: B x # PTS: x # x # 2
6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall. There are crim
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
inal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes to detect unprotected PCs.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
Once a vulnerable computer is found, these criminals install software that assists them in commit
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ting identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also defraud online advertisers by using these zom
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
bie computers to visit pay-per-click ads.
x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PC
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
s.
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected by a firewall.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ANS: E x # PTS: x # x # 2
7. The earth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observations must be made thro
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ugh the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x
state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the most important object of comparison for planet
# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ologists.
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy x# x# x# x# x#
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... through the atmosphere
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
.
ANS: C x # PTS: x # x # 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff, commun
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ities abutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and the makers of traditional medic
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
ines can be persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat a
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
nd life sustaining prey will be restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be
x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
averted.
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned. x# x# x# x# x# x# x# x#
3
