VANDERS CH 18 EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Which of the following cell types binds to antigens on plasma membranes of target cells
and directly destroys the cells?
A. neutrophils
B. NK cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)
D. Helper T cells (CD4 cells)
E. B cells - Answer-C. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)
Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?
A. Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes.
B. Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals
that mediate the inflammatory response.
C. Phagocytosis is stimulated by the presence of proteins called rhodopsins.
D. Phagocytosis is the process by which leukocytes exit the bloodstream.
E. Phagocytosis is a process that only occurs within the bloodstream. - Answer-B.
Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals
that mediate the inflammatory response.
Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?
A. Macrophages are the only phagocytes in the tissues.
B. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and
hydrogen peroxide.
C. Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes
release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis.
D. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex
(MAC).
E. Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed by
phagocytosis - Answer-B. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal
enzymes and hydrogen peroxide.
Cells of the immune system capable of phagocytosis include:
A. macrophages, NK cells, and basophils.
B. B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
C. monocytes, neutrophils, and plasma cells.
D. macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
, E. macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes - Answer-D. macrophages, neutrophils,
and dendritic cells.
Which of the following statements regarding complement is FALSE?
A. Certain complement proteins are always circulating in the blood in an inactive state.
B. Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which forms pores in
microbe membranes.
C. Activated complement can stimulate cells to secrete inflammation-mediating
chemicals.
D. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first
complement protein, C1.
E. Some activated complement proteins activate other complement proteins. - Answer-
D. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first
complement protein, C1.
After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its
component part, C3b?
A. It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide.
B. It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels.
C. It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages.
D. It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils.
E. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for
destruction - Answer-E. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting
the microbe for destruction
Which applies to the classical complement pathway, but NOT to the alternative
complement pathway?
A. Activation of C3 results in the formation of C3b. B. There is a cascade of proteins
activated, which results in the killing of microbes.
C. Complement proteins serve as opsonins that facilitate phagocyte binding to
microbes.
D. Antibodies activate the first complement protein (C1).
E. Complement activation leads to the development of a multiunit protein called the
membrane attack complex (MAC). - Answer-D. Antibodies activate the first complement
protein (C1).
Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is TRUE?
A. Complement is activated only as a result of innate immune responses.
B. Complement is activated only as a result of adaptive immune responses.
C. Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
but the activation by adaptive immune responses is more robust.
D. Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
but the activation by innate immune responses is more robust. - Answer-C.
Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses, but
the activation by adaptive immune responses is more robust.
AND ANSWERS
Which of the following cell types binds to antigens on plasma membranes of target cells
and directly destroys the cells?
A. neutrophils
B. NK cells
C. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)
D. Helper T cells (CD4 cells)
E. B cells - Answer-C. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8 cells)
Which of the following statements regarding phagocytes and phagocytosis is true?
A. Macrophages, monocytes, and mast cells are phagocytes.
B. Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals
that mediate the inflammatory response.
C. Phagocytosis is stimulated by the presence of proteins called rhodopsins.
D. Phagocytosis is the process by which leukocytes exit the bloodstream.
E. Phagocytosis is a process that only occurs within the bloodstream. - Answer-B.
Contact of phagocytes with microbes stimulates the phagocytes to release chemicals
that mediate the inflammatory response.
Which of the following statements regarding phagocytosis is TRUE?
A. Macrophages are the only phagocytes in the tissues.
B. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal enzymes and
hydrogen peroxide.
C. Phagocytosis is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism whereby phagocytes
release chemicals that inhibit further phagocytosis.
D. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by the membrane attack complex
(MAC).
E. Antibodies found inside lysosomes attack and kill microbes that are engulfed by
phagocytosis - Answer-B. The microbe engulfed by the phagocyte is killed by lysosomal
enzymes and hydrogen peroxide.
Cells of the immune system capable of phagocytosis include:
A. macrophages, NK cells, and basophils.
B. B cells, T cells, and macrophages.
C. monocytes, neutrophils, and plasma cells.
D. macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.
, E. macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes - Answer-D. macrophages, neutrophils,
and dendritic cells.
Which of the following statements regarding complement is FALSE?
A. Certain complement proteins are always circulating in the blood in an inactive state.
B. Activated complement can form a membrane attack complex, which forms pores in
microbe membranes.
C. Activated complement can stimulate cells to secrete inflammation-mediating
chemicals.
D. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first
complement protein, C1.
E. Some activated complement proteins activate other complement proteins. - Answer-
D. The complement pathway is always dependent upon activation of the first
complement protein, C1.
After activation of C3 of the complement system, which of these is a role of its
component part, C3b?
A. It acts as an enzyme to convert nitric oxide into hydrogen peroxide.
B. It causes vasodilation of local blood vessels.
C. It acts as a chemotaxin for macrophages.
D. It stimulates the conversion of monocytes to neutrophils.
E. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting the microbe for
destruction - Answer-E. It acts as an opsonin that is recognized by phagocytes targeting
the microbe for destruction
Which applies to the classical complement pathway, but NOT to the alternative
complement pathway?
A. Activation of C3 results in the formation of C3b. B. There is a cascade of proteins
activated, which results in the killing of microbes.
C. Complement proteins serve as opsonins that facilitate phagocyte binding to
microbes.
D. Antibodies activate the first complement protein (C1).
E. Complement activation leads to the development of a multiunit protein called the
membrane attack complex (MAC). - Answer-D. Antibodies activate the first complement
protein (C1).
Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is TRUE?
A. Complement is activated only as a result of innate immune responses.
B. Complement is activated only as a result of adaptive immune responses.
C. Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
but the activation by adaptive immune responses is more robust.
D. Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses,
but the activation by innate immune responses is more robust. - Answer-C.
Complement is activated as a result of both innate and adaptive immune responses, but
the activation by adaptive immune responses is more robust.
