,
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
X# X# X# X# X# X#
MULTIPLE CHOICE
X#
1. Viruses are: X#
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
X# X# X# X# X#
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more vi
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
rusparticles #
X
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
X# X# X# X#
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryot
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
es
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus X# X# X# X# X#
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi X#
c. archaea
ANS: A X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i X #
MSC: Remembering
X #
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
X# X# X# X# X#
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. a single- X#
cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
to
environmental change. X#
, b. Most single- X#
celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
X# X# X# X#
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
X# X# X# X# X#
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: C X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitr
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# #
X
ogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
related they are. X# X#
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B X #
MSC: Remembering
X #
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B.iX #
MSC: Remembering
X #
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. ferrous iron X# d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas X#
c. ammonia
ANS: X # D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: X # D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists
X#
c. viruses
ANS: X # A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. DNA d. amino acids X#
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
,CHAPTER 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery
X# X# X# X# X# X#
MULTIPLE CHOICE
X#
1. Viruses are: X#
a. infectious agents that infect multi-cellular organisms
X# X# X# X# X#
b. noncellular particles that take over the metabolism of a cell to generate more vi
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
rusparticles #
X
c. pathogens that replicate in complex growth media
X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. cellular particles that belong to the archaea domain
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. microbes that consist of lipid membrane enclosed genomes
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
2. Analysis of DNA sequences reveals:
X# X# X# X#
a. the ancient convergence of two cell types, i.e., prokaryotes and eukaryot
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
es
b. prokaryotes and eukaryotes evolved from a common ancestral cell
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. that bacteria share common ancestor with archaea, but not with eukarya
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. prokaryotes are cells with a nucleus X# X# X# X# X#
e. the genome of Haemophilus influenzae has about 2 billion base pairs
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A | I.B X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
3. Which of these groups are considered to be microbes but NOT considered to be cells?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. viruses d. protists
b. bacteria e. filamentous fungi X#
c. archaea
ANS: A X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i X #
MSC: Remembering
X #
4. A microbe is commonly defined as:
X# X# X# X# X#
a. a virus that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
b. a bacterium that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. a single- X#
cellular prokaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
d. a multicellular eukaryote that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. a living organism that requires a microscope to be seen
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
5. Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is NOT true?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
to
environmental change. X#
, b. Most single- X#
celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
c. Microbes function as individual entities.
X# X# X# X#
d. Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages.
X# X# X# X# X#
e. Viruses are not considered as microbial cells.
X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: C X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.A.i | I.A.ii
X # X# X#
MSC: Remembering
X #
6. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. A genome is the total genetic information contained in an organism’s chromosomal DNA.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
b. If a microbe’s genome includes genes for nitrogenase, that microbe probably can fixnitr
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# #
X
ogen.
c. By comparing DNA sequences of different organisms, we can figure out how closely
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
related they are. X# X#
d. Fred Sanger developed the first applicable DNA sequencing method.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
e. Fred Sanger completed the sequences of Haemophilus influenzae.
X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
ANS: E X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B X #
MSC: Remembering
X #
7. The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. humans d. prions
b. bacteria e. fungi
c. viruses
ANS: B X # DIF: Easy REF: X#X#X# 1.1 TOP: I.B.iX #
MSC: Remembering
X #
8. The environment of early Earth may have contained all of the following EXCEPT:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. ferrous iron X# d. oxygen
b. methane e. hydrogen gas X#
c. ammonia
ANS: X # D DIF: Easy
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
9. The development of the theory of the ―RNA world‖ resulted from the discovery of:
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. archaea d. ribozymes
b. prions e. endosymbionts
c. bacteria
ANS: X # D DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
10. Which microbes may resemble those of the earliest life forms?
X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. archaea d. cyanobacteria
b. photosynthetic algae e. protists
X#
c. viruses
ANS: X # A DIF: Medium
REF: Special Topic 1.1TOP:
X# X# X# #
X X # II.D
MSC: Remembering X #
11. Early metabolism may have been catalyzed by:
X# X# X# X# X# X#
a. DNA d. amino acids X#
b. RNA e. carbohydrates
