715 Final – Comprehensive Exam Review with Practice
Questions and Correct answers for Advanced Practice,
Evidence-Based Care, and Healthcare Systems
What is the primary purpose of the ramp time parameter in electrical stimulation?
A) to increase the total treatment time
B) to increase the depth of current penetration
C) to save battery power in the stimulation unit
D) to increase patient comfort by gradually increasing and decreasing intensity - correct answer
D
What is accommodation in the context of electrical stimulation?
A) the adaptation of the nervous system to stimulation requiring intensity adjustment
B) the process of adjusting electrode placement
C) the method of charging the stimulation unit
D) the process of selecting appropriate parameters - correct answer A
What is the primary benefit of interferential current compared to biphasic pulsed current?
A) it is less expensive to administer
B) it requires fewer electrodes
C) it can be used for longer treatment sessions
D) it is more comfortable and penetrates more deeply - correct answer D
According to the gate control theory, how does electrical stimulation help reduce pain?
A) by causing muscle contractions that distract from pain
B) by directly blocking pain receptors in the skin
C) by reducing inflammation at the tissue level
D) by activating inhibitory interneurons that block pain transmission in the dorsal horn - correct
answer D
Which ancient civilization first applied electric currents to biological systems for pain relief?
,A) romans
B) greeks
C) chinese
D) Egyptians - correct answer A
Which type of electrical current is most often used to promote tissue healing and manage acute
edema?
A) biphasic symmetrical current
B) alternating current (AC)
C) monophasic pulsed current
D) pre-modulated current - correct answer C
Which parameter settings are typically used for TENS to facilitate endogenous opioid release?
A) variable frequency with constant pulse duration
B) high frequency (100-150 pps) with short pulse duration (50-80 us)
C) low frequency (2-10 pps) with longer pulse duration (100-400 us)
D) medium frequency (50-60 pps) with medium pulse duration (90-100 us) - correct answer C
What is the relationship between electrode placement and depth of current penetration?
A) diagonal electrode placement provides the deepest penetration
B) electrode placement has no effect on depth of penetration
C) closer electrode placement results in deeper current penetration
D) greater distance between electrodes allows deeper current penetration - correct answer D
What is the definition of electrical stimulation in the context of physical therapy?
A) the application of heat to biological tissues
B) the application of mechanical pressure to muscles
C) the flow of charged particles which can be electrons or ions
D) the use of ultrasound waves to stimulate tissues - correct answer C
What is the key difference between a TENS unit and an NMES unit?
A) the maximum intensity level possible
,B) the presence of a duty cycle in NMES units
C) the type of electrodes used
D) the size of the unit - correct answer B
What is the typical pulse duration range used for sensory stimulation only?
A) 500-1000 us
B) 150-350 us
C) 50-100 us
D) 10-30 us - correct answer C
What is the duty cycle ratio if a muscle stimulation protocol uses 10 seconds on and 50 seconds
off?
A) 10:50
B) 1:50
C) 1:5
D) 5:1 - correct answer C
What is the maximum recommended treatment time for low-frequency TENS to avoid DOMS?
A) 15 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 45 minutes
D) 60 minutes - correct answer C
Which of the following is NOT a clinical use of electrical stimulation?
A) promote tissue healing
B) control spasticity
C) increase bone density
D) muscle strengthening - correct answer C
What type of pulse duration is needed to produce contractions in denervated muscle?
A) 1-5 ms
B) longer than 10 ms
, C) 5-10 ms
D) less than 1 ms - correct answer B
Which type of waveform is characterized by current flowing is one direction during the first
phase and in the opposite direction during the second phase?
A) biphasic pulsed current
B) direct current
C) pre-modulated current
D) monophasic pulsed current - correct answer A
What is the primary difference between symmetrical and symmetrical biphasic waveforms?
A) the speed and total amount of current flow in each phase
B) the frequency of current flow
C) the amplitude of the current
D) the direction of current flow - correct answer A
What is the frequency range typically used for medium frequency currents like interferential
current?
A) 2500-5000 Hz
B) 10,000-20,000 Hz
C) 50-150 Hz
D) 500-1000 Hz - correct answer A
What happens at the ionic level when using a negative electrode during electrical stimulation?
A) it attracts positive ions and repels negative ions
B) it has no effect on ion movement
C) it attracts both positive and negative ions
D) it attracts negative ions and repels positive ions - correct answer A
Which scientist discovered bidirectional current in the 1830s?
A) Galvani
B) Faraday
C) Wall
Questions and Correct answers for Advanced Practice,
Evidence-Based Care, and Healthcare Systems
What is the primary purpose of the ramp time parameter in electrical stimulation?
A) to increase the total treatment time
B) to increase the depth of current penetration
C) to save battery power in the stimulation unit
D) to increase patient comfort by gradually increasing and decreasing intensity - correct answer
D
What is accommodation in the context of electrical stimulation?
A) the adaptation of the nervous system to stimulation requiring intensity adjustment
B) the process of adjusting electrode placement
C) the method of charging the stimulation unit
D) the process of selecting appropriate parameters - correct answer A
What is the primary benefit of interferential current compared to biphasic pulsed current?
A) it is less expensive to administer
B) it requires fewer electrodes
C) it can be used for longer treatment sessions
D) it is more comfortable and penetrates more deeply - correct answer D
According to the gate control theory, how does electrical stimulation help reduce pain?
A) by causing muscle contractions that distract from pain
B) by directly blocking pain receptors in the skin
C) by reducing inflammation at the tissue level
D) by activating inhibitory interneurons that block pain transmission in the dorsal horn - correct
answer D
Which ancient civilization first applied electric currents to biological systems for pain relief?
,A) romans
B) greeks
C) chinese
D) Egyptians - correct answer A
Which type of electrical current is most often used to promote tissue healing and manage acute
edema?
A) biphasic symmetrical current
B) alternating current (AC)
C) monophasic pulsed current
D) pre-modulated current - correct answer C
Which parameter settings are typically used for TENS to facilitate endogenous opioid release?
A) variable frequency with constant pulse duration
B) high frequency (100-150 pps) with short pulse duration (50-80 us)
C) low frequency (2-10 pps) with longer pulse duration (100-400 us)
D) medium frequency (50-60 pps) with medium pulse duration (90-100 us) - correct answer C
What is the relationship between electrode placement and depth of current penetration?
A) diagonal electrode placement provides the deepest penetration
B) electrode placement has no effect on depth of penetration
C) closer electrode placement results in deeper current penetration
D) greater distance between electrodes allows deeper current penetration - correct answer D
What is the definition of electrical stimulation in the context of physical therapy?
A) the application of heat to biological tissues
B) the application of mechanical pressure to muscles
C) the flow of charged particles which can be electrons or ions
D) the use of ultrasound waves to stimulate tissues - correct answer C
What is the key difference between a TENS unit and an NMES unit?
A) the maximum intensity level possible
,B) the presence of a duty cycle in NMES units
C) the type of electrodes used
D) the size of the unit - correct answer B
What is the typical pulse duration range used for sensory stimulation only?
A) 500-1000 us
B) 150-350 us
C) 50-100 us
D) 10-30 us - correct answer C
What is the duty cycle ratio if a muscle stimulation protocol uses 10 seconds on and 50 seconds
off?
A) 10:50
B) 1:50
C) 1:5
D) 5:1 - correct answer C
What is the maximum recommended treatment time for low-frequency TENS to avoid DOMS?
A) 15 minutes
B) 30 minutes
C) 45 minutes
D) 60 minutes - correct answer C
Which of the following is NOT a clinical use of electrical stimulation?
A) promote tissue healing
B) control spasticity
C) increase bone density
D) muscle strengthening - correct answer C
What type of pulse duration is needed to produce contractions in denervated muscle?
A) 1-5 ms
B) longer than 10 ms
, C) 5-10 ms
D) less than 1 ms - correct answer B
Which type of waveform is characterized by current flowing is one direction during the first
phase and in the opposite direction during the second phase?
A) biphasic pulsed current
B) direct current
C) pre-modulated current
D) monophasic pulsed current - correct answer A
What is the primary difference between symmetrical and symmetrical biphasic waveforms?
A) the speed and total amount of current flow in each phase
B) the frequency of current flow
C) the amplitude of the current
D) the direction of current flow - correct answer A
What is the frequency range typically used for medium frequency currents like interferential
current?
A) 2500-5000 Hz
B) 10,000-20,000 Hz
C) 50-150 Hz
D) 500-1000 Hz - correct answer A
What happens at the ionic level when using a negative electrode during electrical stimulation?
A) it attracts positive ions and repels negative ions
B) it has no effect on ion movement
C) it attracts both positive and negative ions
D) it attracts negative ions and repels positive ions - correct answer A
Which scientist discovered bidirectional current in the 1830s?
A) Galvani
B) Faraday
C) Wall
