EU Public Law & Institutions: Ultimate Exam Prep – 100 MCQs (TEU, TFEU, Direct Effect, Supremacy)

EU Public Law & Institutions
100 Final Exam Practice Questions with 100% verified Answers

(Covers TEU, TFEU, Direct Effect, Supremacy, EU Institutions & Sources of Law)



What's Inside:

• 100 randomized multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
• Verified answers with short legal explanations
• Based entirely on EU treaties, institutions, and case law
• Covers:
• Direct Effect (Vertical/Horizontal)
• Supremacy of EU Law
• The Treaty of Lisbon, TEU, TFEU
• EU Institutions (Commission, Parliament, Council, Courts, ECB, etc.)
• Sources of EU Law: Treaties, Regulations, Directives, Case Law, Soft Law
• Charter of Fundamental Rights
• Key Judgments (Van Gend en Loos, Costa v ENEL, Simmenthal, etc.)



Designed for:
Law students preparing for undergraduate or postgraduate EU Public Law or EU Institutions
final exams

Edition: 2025
🛠 Format: MCQ + Answer + Brief Explanation
Source: Based 100% on university-level verified lecture content and exam answer keys

, EU PUBLIC LAW & INSTITUTIONS: FINAL EXAM 2025
100 MCQS WITH ANSWERS (TEU, TFEU, DIRECT EFFECT,
SUPREMACY, INSTITUTIONS)


1. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary source of EU law?
A. Treaty on European Union (TEU)
B. Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)
C. Charter of Fundamental Rights
D. European Convention on Human Rights


Answer: D. European Convention on Human Rights
The ECHR is a Council of Europe instrument, not an EU treaty.



2. What article of the TEU provides legal recognition to the Charter of Fundamental
Rights?
A. Article 6(1)
B. Article 5
C. Article 50
D. Article 13


Answer: A. Article 6(1)
Article 6(1) TEU affirms that the Charter has the same legal value as the Treaties.



3. Which EU institution is known as the “guardian of the Treaties”?
A. European Council
B. Council of the EU
C. European Commission
D. European Parliament


Answer: C. European Commission
The Commission enforces EU law and ensures compliance by Member States.

,4. What case established that EU law takes precedence over conflicting national law?
A. Van Duyn v Home Office
B. Simmenthal
C. Costa v ENEL
D. Internationale Handelsgesellschaft


Answer: C. Costa v ENEL
Costa v ENEL [1964] firmly established the supremacy of EU law over national law.



5. What is the purpose of the European Council as outlined in Article 15(1) TEU?
A. Enforce EU law
B. Draft legislation
C. Set the general political direction of the EU
D. Prosecute Member States


Answer: C. Set the general political direction of the EU
Article 15(1) states that the European Council defines the EU’s overall direction and
priorities.



6. What type of legal act is non-binding under Article 288 TFEU?
A. Regulation
B. Directive
C. Decision
D. Recommendation


Answer: D. Recommendation
Recommendations and opinions are expressly stated as non-binding in Article 288.



7. Which case confirmed that Article 12 EEC could have direct effect?
A. Costa v ENEL
B. Van Gend en Loos
C. Defrenne v SABENA
D. Grimaldi

, Answer: B. Van Gend en Loos
The Court held that individuals could enforce rights under Article 12 directly in national
courts.



8. Which legal act must be implemented by Member States to become effective in domestic
law?
A. Regulation
B. Directive
C. Treaty
D. Decision


Answer: B. Directive
Directives are binding in result but require transposition into national law.




9. What case confirmed that provisions in regulations can have both vertical and horizontal
direct effect?
A. Van Duyn
B. Grimaldi
C. Antonio Munoz
D. Defrenne


Answer: C. Antonio Munoz
The Court stated that regulations, if they meet the Van Gend criteria, apply to both states and
individuals.



10. Which case held that international agreements may lack direct effect if they’re too
vague or conditional?
A. Simmenthal
B. Grimaldi
C. Demirel