Which layer of the blood vessel is composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells, which
allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to the body's demands? - correct answer
tunica media
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct sequence of events after
attaching an AED to a patient in cardiac arrest and pushing the analyze button? - correct
answer "Shock advised" message, stand clear, defibrillate, immediately resume CPR, reanalyze
after 2 minutes
Unstable angina pectoris is characterized by: - correct answer chest pain or discomfort that
may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, and that occurs without a fixed frequency.
The aortic valve: - correct answer regulates the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the
systemic circulation
Shortly after administering a second nitroglycerin dose to a 44-year-old male with chest pain,
he becomes lightheaded. You take his blood pressure and is reads 80/50 mm Hg. You have
already established IV access and are administering oxygen. You should: - correct answer place
him supine and elevate his legs
A middle-aged male presents with classic signs and symptoms of a dissecting aortic aneurysm.
The MOST important intervention that you can perform for this patient is: - correct answer
prompt transport
The fifth link in the cardiac chain of survival includes: - correct answer temperature regulation
and maintenance of glucose levels
Which of the following would likely exacerbate pulmonary edema? - correct answer Increased
cardiac preload
You are assessing a 62-year-old female who has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator
(AICD). As you are applying oxygen to her, she becomes unconscious, pulseless, and apneic. You
should: - correct answer begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible
You receive a call for a 40-year-old female with nausea, dizziness, and a headache. During your
assessment, you note that her blood pressure is 190/104 mm Hg. The patient, who is conscious
and alert, states that she has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with
her medications. In addition to IV therapy, appropriate treatment for this patient includes: -
correct answer 100% oxygen and transporting to the closest appropriate facility.
When peripheral vascular resistance is increased: - correct answer afterload increases and
stroke volume decreases
A 55-year-old male with poorly controlled hypertension presents with respiratory distress and
difficulty speaking in complete sentences. He is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of
150/90 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored.
,Auscultation of his lungs reveals diffuse coarse crackles. After placing the position in a
comfortable position, you should: - correct answer apply the CPAP device
One of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is: - correct answer One
of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is:
The _____________ anchors the heart within the thoracic cavity and prevents cardiac
overdistention. - correct answer pericardium
A 56-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease complains of an acute onset of
substernal chest discomfort and diaphoresis while moving a heavy box. After sitting down and
taking one nitroglycerin tablet, the discomfort promptly subsides. This episode is MOST
consistent with: - correct answer stable angina pectoris
What part of the cardiac electrical conduction system initiates electrical impulses at the slowest
rate? - correct answer Areas below the AV node
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) exists when: - correct answer a patient is in cardiac arrest
despite an organized cardiac rhythm
When the papillary muscles contract, the ______________ tighten, preventing blood from
regurgitating from the ventricles to the atria. - correct answer chordae tendineae
Prinzmetal's angina is caused by: - correct answer coronary vasospasm
Approximately two-thirds of the myocardium lies within the: - correct answer mediastinum
When applying the AED pads to a patient with a surgically-implanted pacemaker, you should: -
correct answer apply the pads at least 1" away from the pacemaker
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of electrical conduction through the
myocardium? - correct answer SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje
fibers
After defibrillating an adult patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - correct answer
begin or resume CPR starting with chest compressions.
You receive a call to a local grocery store for a possible heart attack. Upon arrival at the scene,
you find two bystanders performing CPR on the patient, a 49-year-old male. You should: -
correct answer confirm that the patient is in cardiac arrest
Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is NOT
correct? - correct answer A pulse should be checked immediately after the AED shocks
The presence of distended jugular veins that do not collapse, even when the patient is sitting, is
consistent with: - correct answer congestive heart failure
,Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in: - correct answer increased blood
pressure and heart rate
A 60-year-old female is in possible cardiogenic shock. She is semiconscious with shallow
respirations, an irregular pulse, and hypotension. Appropriate treatment for this patient should
include: - correct answer assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, thermal management, 20
mL/kg fluid bolus, and transport
When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it: - correct answer slows the heart
rate by decreasing SA node discharge.
Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias requires immediate defibrillation? - correct
answer Non Perfusing ventricular fibrillation
You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old male who is not breathing. When you and
your partner arrive at the scene, you find the child's father is performing mouth-to-mouth
rescue breathing on him. The father tells you that his son stuck a pin in an electrical socket.
After assessing the child and determining that he is pulseless and apneic, you should: - correct
answer begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible
Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when obtaining a focused
history of a patient with an acute onset of chest discomfort? - correct answer Have you ever
been told you have low blood pressure
Compared to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation is advantageous because it: -
correct answer utilizes less energy to achieve effective defibrillation
The visceral pericardium, which lies closely against the heart, is also called the: - correct answer
epicardium
The _____________ arteries arise from the aorta shortly after they leave the left ventricle. -
correct answer coronary
After defibrillating a patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - correct answer
Resume chest compressions
Following defibrillation with the AED, you have achieved return of spontaneous circulation
(ROSC) in a 42-year-old man. However, he remains unresponsive and apneic. You insert a
multilumen airway device, continue ventilations, and begin immediate transport to the
hospital. En route, you reassess the patient and determine that he is in cardiac arrest. You
should: - correct answer begin CPR, tell your partner to stop the ambulance, and analyze the
patient's cardiac rhythm with the AED
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the pathophysiology of angina pectoris? -
correct answer Reversible process in which myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply of
available oxygen
, The ability of a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve
source is called: - correct answer automaticity
When treating a 56-year-old female with chest pain, you have placed on her oxygen,
established IV access, and administered two doses of sublingual nitroglycerin. However, the
patient's pain has not improved. You reassess her blood pressure and note that it is 106/66 mm
Hg. You should: - correct answer administer one more dose of nitroglycerin
In addition to oxygen, which of the following medications would the AEMT be the MOST likely
to administer to a patient who is experiencing acute chest pain, pressure, or discomfort? -
correct answer Aspirin and nitroglycerin
When errors associated with the AED occur, it is usually the result of: - correct answer failure to
ensure the batteries are charged
Effectively performed CPR is a crucial treatment for a patient in cardiac arrest because it: -
correct answer maintains myocardial and cerebral perfusion.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves: - correct answer mechanically clearing a
coronary artery.
Afterload is defined as the: - correct answer pressure against which the left ventricle must
pump.
Treatment for a patient experiencing a cardiovascular emergency begins by: - correct answer
ensuring airway patency and adequate breathing.
While treating a patient who is in cardiogenic shock, your paramedic partner makes the
comment that the patient needs an inotropic medication. You should recall that this type of
medication is intended to: - correct answer affect the strength of cardiac contraction
Blood enters the right atrium through the: - correct answer vena cavae and coronary sinus
Damage to the myocardium following infarction can be minimized if fibrinolytic therapy is
administered no later than _____ hours following the onset of symptoms. - correct answer 12
When defibrillating a 6-month-old infant, you should recall that: - correct answer a manual
defibrillator is preferred
When assessing a patient for peripheral edema, you should check the sacral area if the patient
is: - correct answer bedridden
A 71-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, facial cyanosis, and a cough that is
producing blood. His blood pressure is 144/92 mm Hg, pulse is 130 beats/min and irregular, and
respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored. He is confused and is slow follow your commands.
You should: - correct answer assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device, begin transport, and
consider establishing IV access en route to the hospital
allow the vessel to expand or contract in response to the body's demands? - correct answer
tunica media
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the correct sequence of events after
attaching an AED to a patient in cardiac arrest and pushing the analyze button? - correct
answer "Shock advised" message, stand clear, defibrillate, immediately resume CPR, reanalyze
after 2 minutes
Unstable angina pectoris is characterized by: - correct answer chest pain or discomfort that
may not be relieved by rest or nitroglycerin, and that occurs without a fixed frequency.
The aortic valve: - correct answer regulates the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the
systemic circulation
Shortly after administering a second nitroglycerin dose to a 44-year-old male with chest pain,
he becomes lightheaded. You take his blood pressure and is reads 80/50 mm Hg. You have
already established IV access and are administering oxygen. You should: - correct answer place
him supine and elevate his legs
A middle-aged male presents with classic signs and symptoms of a dissecting aortic aneurysm.
The MOST important intervention that you can perform for this patient is: - correct answer
prompt transport
The fifth link in the cardiac chain of survival includes: - correct answer temperature regulation
and maintenance of glucose levels
Which of the following would likely exacerbate pulmonary edema? - correct answer Increased
cardiac preload
You are assessing a 62-year-old female who has an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator
(AICD). As you are applying oxygen to her, she becomes unconscious, pulseless, and apneic. You
should: - correct answer begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible
You receive a call for a 40-year-old female with nausea, dizziness, and a headache. During your
assessment, you note that her blood pressure is 190/104 mm Hg. The patient, who is conscious
and alert, states that she has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with
her medications. In addition to IV therapy, appropriate treatment for this patient includes: -
correct answer 100% oxygen and transporting to the closest appropriate facility.
When peripheral vascular resistance is increased: - correct answer afterload increases and
stroke volume decreases
A 55-year-old male with poorly controlled hypertension presents with respiratory distress and
difficulty speaking in complete sentences. He is conscious and alert with a blood pressure of
150/90 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored.
,Auscultation of his lungs reveals diffuse coarse crackles. After placing the position in a
comfortable position, you should: - correct answer apply the CPAP device
One of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is: - correct answer One
of the MOST common signs of an acute hypertensive emergency is:
The _____________ anchors the heart within the thoracic cavity and prevents cardiac
overdistention. - correct answer pericardium
A 56-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease complains of an acute onset of
substernal chest discomfort and diaphoresis while moving a heavy box. After sitting down and
taking one nitroglycerin tablet, the discomfort promptly subsides. This episode is MOST
consistent with: - correct answer stable angina pectoris
What part of the cardiac electrical conduction system initiates electrical impulses at the slowest
rate? - correct answer Areas below the AV node
Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) exists when: - correct answer a patient is in cardiac arrest
despite an organized cardiac rhythm
When the papillary muscles contract, the ______________ tighten, preventing blood from
regurgitating from the ventricles to the atria. - correct answer chordae tendineae
Prinzmetal's angina is caused by: - correct answer coronary vasospasm
Approximately two-thirds of the myocardium lies within the: - correct answer mediastinum
When applying the AED pads to a patient with a surgically-implanted pacemaker, you should: -
correct answer apply the pads at least 1" away from the pacemaker
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of electrical conduction through the
myocardium? - correct answer SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje
fibers
After defibrillating an adult patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - correct answer
begin or resume CPR starting with chest compressions.
You receive a call to a local grocery store for a possible heart attack. Upon arrival at the scene,
you find two bystanders performing CPR on the patient, a 49-year-old male. You should: -
correct answer confirm that the patient is in cardiac arrest
Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is NOT
correct? - correct answer A pulse should be checked immediately after the AED shocks
The presence of distended jugular veins that do not collapse, even when the patient is sitting, is
consistent with: - correct answer congestive heart failure
,Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in: - correct answer increased blood
pressure and heart rate
A 60-year-old female is in possible cardiogenic shock. She is semiconscious with shallow
respirations, an irregular pulse, and hypotension. Appropriate treatment for this patient should
include: - correct answer assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device, thermal management, 20
mL/kg fluid bolus, and transport
When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, it: - correct answer slows the heart
rate by decreasing SA node discharge.
Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias requires immediate defibrillation? - correct
answer Non Perfusing ventricular fibrillation
You are dispatched to a residence for a 4-year-old male who is not breathing. When you and
your partner arrive at the scene, you find the child's father is performing mouth-to-mouth
rescue breathing on him. The father tells you that his son stuck a pin in an electrical socket.
After assessing the child and determining that he is pulseless and apneic, you should: - correct
answer begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible
Which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence when obtaining a focused
history of a patient with an acute onset of chest discomfort? - correct answer Have you ever
been told you have low blood pressure
Compared to monophasic defibrillation, biphasic defibrillation is advantageous because it: -
correct answer utilizes less energy to achieve effective defibrillation
The visceral pericardium, which lies closely against the heart, is also called the: - correct answer
epicardium
The _____________ arteries arise from the aorta shortly after they leave the left ventricle. -
correct answer coronary
After defibrillating a patient in cardiac arrest with the AED, you should: - correct answer
Resume chest compressions
Following defibrillation with the AED, you have achieved return of spontaneous circulation
(ROSC) in a 42-year-old man. However, he remains unresponsive and apneic. You insert a
multilumen airway device, continue ventilations, and begin immediate transport to the
hospital. En route, you reassess the patient and determine that he is in cardiac arrest. You
should: - correct answer begin CPR, tell your partner to stop the ambulance, and analyze the
patient's cardiac rhythm with the AED
Which of the following MOST accurately describes the pathophysiology of angina pectoris? -
correct answer Reversible process in which myocardial oxygen demand exceeds the supply of
available oxygen
, The ability of a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve
source is called: - correct answer automaticity
When treating a 56-year-old female with chest pain, you have placed on her oxygen,
established IV access, and administered two doses of sublingual nitroglycerin. However, the
patient's pain has not improved. You reassess her blood pressure and note that it is 106/66 mm
Hg. You should: - correct answer administer one more dose of nitroglycerin
In addition to oxygen, which of the following medications would the AEMT be the MOST likely
to administer to a patient who is experiencing acute chest pain, pressure, or discomfort? -
correct answer Aspirin and nitroglycerin
When errors associated with the AED occur, it is usually the result of: - correct answer failure to
ensure the batteries are charged
Effectively performed CPR is a crucial treatment for a patient in cardiac arrest because it: -
correct answer maintains myocardial and cerebral perfusion.
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) involves: - correct answer mechanically clearing a
coronary artery.
Afterload is defined as the: - correct answer pressure against which the left ventricle must
pump.
Treatment for a patient experiencing a cardiovascular emergency begins by: - correct answer
ensuring airway patency and adequate breathing.
While treating a patient who is in cardiogenic shock, your paramedic partner makes the
comment that the patient needs an inotropic medication. You should recall that this type of
medication is intended to: - correct answer affect the strength of cardiac contraction
Blood enters the right atrium through the: - correct answer vena cavae and coronary sinus
Damage to the myocardium following infarction can be minimized if fibrinolytic therapy is
administered no later than _____ hours following the onset of symptoms. - correct answer 12
When defibrillating a 6-month-old infant, you should recall that: - correct answer a manual
defibrillator is preferred
When assessing a patient for peripheral edema, you should check the sacral area if the patient
is: - correct answer bedridden
A 71-year-old man presents with shortness of breath, facial cyanosis, and a cough that is
producing blood. His blood pressure is 144/92 mm Hg, pulse is 130 beats/min and irregular, and
respirations of 28 breaths/min and labored. He is confused and is slow follow your commands.
You should: - correct answer assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device, begin transport, and
consider establishing IV access en route to the hospital
