NUR 160 Exam 2, HONDROS
Hypokalemia and lasix - ANS If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - ANS CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - ANS Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - ANS Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access,
significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - ANS daily weights in similar clothing, same
scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week
Potassium (K+) - ANS 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - ANS AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability,
Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - ANS diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis,
alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation,
arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - ANS low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies,
apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - ANS 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - ANS too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy
consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - ANS decreased urinary output, firm rubbery tissue turgor,
restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
Hyponatremia Causes - ANS Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low sodium
intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
, Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache, restlessness,
irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - ANS 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - ANS Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - ANS weakness, hypotension, Vomiting, Nausea,
coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - ANS alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - ANS seizures, Increased DTR, arrhthmias, agitation,
Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - ANS All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - ANS 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - ANS supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid, parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - ANS anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion, coma,
constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - ANS decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics, alcoholism,
malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - ANS irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase dDTR,
arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - ANS BP
Chvostek sign - ANS cheek
Heparin - ANS PTT
Coumadin - ANS PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - ANS 7.35-7.45
PO2 - ANS 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - ANS 35-45
Hypokalemia and lasix - ANS If pt is Hypokalemic, report to RN before giving Lasix
Hypervolemia Causes - ANS CKD, liver disease, cirrhosis, CHF, increased salt intake, COPD
Hypervolemia Signs and symptoms - ANS Headache, Confusion, Nausea, Vomiting, Coma
Hypovolemia Causes - ANS Vomiting, DM, fever, heat exposure, exercise, no water access,
significant injury to skin
Moat accurate assessment of water balance - ANS daily weights in similar clothing, same
scale, same time- plus or minus 2 lbs per day, plus or minus 5 lbs a week
Potassium (K+) - ANS 3.5-5
Hyperkalemia causes - ANS AKD, CKD, severe injuries, supplementation
Hyperkalemia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle fatigue, weakness, arrhythmia, irritability,
Nausea, death
Hypokalemia causes - ANS diuretics. Diarrhea, excessive sweating, laxatives, ketoacidosis,
alcohol abuse
Hypokalemia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle cramps, abdominal distention, constipation,
arrhythmia
Renal Pt Diet - ANS low potassium-no potatoes, oranges, bananas, leafy green veggies,
apples, avocados
Sodium (Na+) - ANS 135-145
Hypernatremia Causes - ANS too much salt, rapid infusion of saline, antacids, increased dairy
consumption
Hypernatremia signs and symptoms - ANS decreased urinary output, firm rubbery tissue turgor,
restlessness, agitation, confusion, flushed skin
Hyponatremia Causes - ANS Diarrhea, gastric suctioning, sweating, Vomiting, low sodium
intake, burns, edema/ascites, small bowel obstruction
, Hyponatremia signs and symptoms - ANS muscle weakness, fatigue, Headache, restlessness,
irritability, hypotension, Nausea, vomiting
Magnesium (MG+) - ANS 1.5-2.5
Hypermagnesemia Causes - ANS Tums, CKD, diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypermagnesemia signs and symptoms - ANS weakness, hypotension, Vomiting, Nausea,
coma, death
Hypomagnesemia Causes - ANS alcoholism, decreased intake of vitamin D, poor absorption
Hypomagnesemia Signs and symptoms - ANS seizures, Increased DTR, arrhthmias, agitation,
Nausea, vomiting
Alcoholics-precautions - ANS All alcoholics go in seizure precautions
Calcium (Ca+) - ANS 8-10
Hypercalcemia causes - ANS supplements, calcium, immobilization, antacid, parathyroidism
Hypercalcemia signs and symptoms - ANS anorexia, N,V, decreased DTR, confusion, coma,
constipation, kidney stones
Hypocalcemia Causes - ANS decreased calcium and Vit D, Diarrhea, diuretics, alcoholism,
malabsorption, burns
Hypocalcemia signs and symptoms - ANS irritanility, osteoporosis, N,V,D, increase dDTR,
arrhtymtias, +Trousseau sign, +Chvostek sign
Trousseau sign - ANS BP
Chvostek sign - ANS cheek
Heparin - ANS PTT
Coumadin - ANS PT/INR
PH (acidosis,alkalosis) - ANS 7.35-7.45
PO2 - ANS 80-100
PCO2 (Carbon Dioxide) - ANS 35-45
