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Chapter 01 - History of Respiratory Care
Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which of the following is an expected role of a respiratory therapist?
Promoting lung health and wellness Providing patient education
Assessing the patient’s cardiopulmonary health status Selling oxygen (O2) therapy devices to patients
1 only
1 and 4 only
1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: C
Respiratory care includes the assessment, treatment, management, control, diagnostic evaluation, education, and care of patients with
deficiencies and abnormalities of the cardiopulmonary system. Respiratory care is increasingly involved in the prevention of respiratory
disease, the management of patients with chronic disease, and promotion of health and wellness.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJECTIVES:- 1
Where are the majority of respiratory therapists employed?
Skilled nursing facilities Diagnostic laboratories Hospitals or acute care settings Outpatient physician offices
ANSWER: C
Approximately 75% of all respiratory therapists work in hospitals or other acute care settings.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJECTIVES:- 1
Who is considered to be the “father of medicine”?
Hippocrates Galen Erasistratus Aristotle
ANSWER: A
The foundation of modern Western medicine was laid in ancient Greece with the development of the Hippocratic Corpus. This collection
of ancient medical writings is attributed to the “father of medicine,” Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived during the fifth and fourth
centuries BC.
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 3-4 OBJECTIVES:- 2
In 1662, a chemist published a book that described the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure. What was the chemist’s name?
Sir Isaac Newton Robert Boyle
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Nicolaus Copernicus
ANSWER: B
The chemist, Robert Boyle, published what is now known as “Boyle’s law,” governing the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 6 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who discovered O2 in 1774 and described it as “dephlogisticated air”?
Robert Boyle Jacque Charles Thomas Beddoes Joseph Priestley
ANSWER: D
In 1774, Joseph Priestley described his discovery of O2, which he called “dephlogisticated air.”
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 6-7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture?
John Dalton Joseph Prestley Jacque Charles Thomas Young
ANSWER: A
John Dalton described his law of partial pressures for a gas mixture in 1801 and his atomic theory in 1808.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
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Who was the first scientist in 1865 to suggest that microorganisms caused many diseases?
Thomas Young Louis Pasteur Henry Graham Robert Koch
ANSWER: B
In 1865, Louis Pasteur advanced his “germ theory” of disease, which held that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who discovered the x-ray and opened the door for the modern field of radiology?
John Dalton William Smith
William Roentgen Thomas Young
ANSWER: C
In 1895, William Roentgen discovered the x-ray and the modern field of radiologic imaging sciences was born.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
What was the primary duty of the first inhalation therapists?
Provide airway care. Support O2 therapy. Aerosol therapy to patients.
Maintain patients on mechanical ventilation.
ANSWER: B
The first inhalation therapists were really just O2 technicians.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 3
When did the designation “respiratory therapist” become standard?
a. 1954
b. 1964
c. 1974
d. 1984
ANSWER: C
In 1974, the designation “respiratory therapist” became standard.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 3
Who was the first to develop the large-scale production of O2 in 1907?
Robert Dalton David Boyle Thomas Anderson Karl von Linde
ANSWER: D
Large-scale production of O2 was developed by Karl von Linde in 1907.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was the first Venti-mask introduced that allows the precise delivery of 24%, 28%, 35%,and 40% O2?
a. 1945
b. 1954
c. 1960
d. 1972
ANSWER: C
The Campbell Venti-mask, which allowed the administration of 24%, 28%, 35%, or 40% O2, was introduced in 1960.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When were aerosolized glucocorticoids for the maintenance of patients with moderate to severe asthma first introduced?
In the 1950s In the 1960s In the 1970s In the 1980s
ANSWER: C
The use of aerosolized glucocorticoids for the maintenance of patients with moderate to severe asthma began in the 1970s.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Which of the following medications has never been delivered as an aerosol by a respiratory therapist?
Inotropes Anticholinergic Mucolytic Antibiotic
ANSWER: A
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There has been a proliferation of medications designed for aerosol administration, including bronchodilators, mucolytic, antibiotic,
anticholinergic, and antiinflammatory agents.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Which two names are linked to the development of the iron lung, which was extensively usedto treat the polio epidemic in the 1950s?
Allison and Smyth Drinker and Emerson Drager and Bennett Byrd and Tyler
ANSWER: B
The iron lung was developed by Drinker, an engineer at Harvard University. Jack H. Emerson developed a commercial version of the iron
lung that was used extensively during the polio epidemics of the 1930s and 1950s.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 5
Which of the following was one of the first positive-pressure ventilators developed?
MA-1
Bird Mark 7 Dräger Pulmotor Engstrom
ANSWER: C
Early positive-pressure ventilators included the Dräger Pulmotor (1911), the Spiropulsator (1934), the Bennett TV-2P (1948), the Morch
Piston Ventilator (1952), and the Bird Mark 7 (1958).
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) first introduced to treat patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
a. 1935
b. 1946
c. 1958
d. 1967
ANSWER: D
Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was introduced for use in patients with ARDS in 1967.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 9 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) first introduced?
a. 1975
b. 1985
c. 1995
d. 2005
ANSWER: A
SIMV was introduced in 1975.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 9 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Who introduced the first laryngoscope, in 1913?
Thomas Allen Chevalier Jackson Jack Emerson Forrest Bird
ANSWER: B
In 1913, the laryngoscope was introduced by Chevalier Jackson.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 10 OBJECTIVES:- 5
Who introduced the use of soft rubber endotracheal tubes around 1930?
Davidson McGill Haight Murphy
ANSWER: B
Ivan McGill introduced the use of soft rubber endotracheal tubes.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 10 OBJECTIVES:- 5
In 1846, who developed a water seal spirometer, which allowed accurate measurement of the
patient’s vital capacity? Hutchinson
Strohl Tiffeneau Davis
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Chapter 01 - History of Respiratory Care
Egan’s Fundamentals of Respiratory Care, 13th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Which of the following is an expected role of a respiratory therapist?
Promoting lung health and wellness Providing patient education
Assessing the patient’s cardiopulmonary health status Selling oxygen (O2) therapy devices to patients
1 only
1 and 4 only
1, 2, and 3 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
ANSWER: C
Respiratory care includes the assessment, treatment, management, control, diagnostic evaluation, education, and care of patients with
deficiencies and abnormalities of the cardiopulmonary system. Respiratory care is increasingly involved in the prevention of respiratory
disease, the management of patients with chronic disease, and promotion of health and wellness.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJECTIVES:- 1
Where are the majority of respiratory therapists employed?
Skilled nursing facilities Diagnostic laboratories Hospitals or acute care settings Outpatient physician offices
ANSWER: C
Approximately 75% of all respiratory therapists work in hospitals or other acute care settings.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 3 OBJECTIVES:- 1
Who is considered to be the “father of medicine”?
Hippocrates Galen Erasistratus Aristotle
ANSWER: A
The foundation of modern Western medicine was laid in ancient Greece with the development of the Hippocratic Corpus. This collection
of ancient medical writings is attributed to the “father of medicine,” Hippocrates, a Greek physician who lived during the fifth and fourth
centuries BC.
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 3-4 OBJECTIVES:- 2
In 1662, a chemist published a book that described the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure. What was the chemist’s name?
Sir Isaac Newton Robert Boyle
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek Nicolaus Copernicus
ANSWER: B
The chemist, Robert Boyle, published what is now known as “Boyle’s law,” governing the relationship between gas, volume, and pressure.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 6 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who discovered O2 in 1774 and described it as “dephlogisticated air”?
Robert Boyle Jacque Charles Thomas Beddoes Joseph Priestley
ANSWER: D
In 1774, Joseph Priestley described his discovery of O2, which he called “dephlogisticated air.”
DIF: Recall REF: pp. 6-7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who is credited with first describing the law of partial pressures for a gas mixture?
John Dalton Joseph Prestley Jacque Charles Thomas Young
ANSWER: A
John Dalton described his law of partial pressures for a gas mixture in 1801 and his atomic theory in 1808.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
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Who was the first scientist in 1865 to suggest that microorganisms caused many diseases?
Thomas Young Louis Pasteur Henry Graham Robert Koch
ANSWER: B
In 1865, Louis Pasteur advanced his “germ theory” of disease, which held that many diseases are caused by microorganisms.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
Who discovered the x-ray and opened the door for the modern field of radiology?
John Dalton William Smith
William Roentgen Thomas Young
ANSWER: C
In 1895, William Roentgen discovered the x-ray and the modern field of radiologic imaging sciences was born.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 2
What was the primary duty of the first inhalation therapists?
Provide airway care. Support O2 therapy. Aerosol therapy to patients.
Maintain patients on mechanical ventilation.
ANSWER: B
The first inhalation therapists were really just O2 technicians.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 3
When did the designation “respiratory therapist” become standard?
a. 1954
b. 1964
c. 1974
d. 1984
ANSWER: C
In 1974, the designation “respiratory therapist” became standard.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 3
Who was the first to develop the large-scale production of O2 in 1907?
Robert Dalton David Boyle Thomas Anderson Karl von Linde
ANSWER: D
Large-scale production of O2 was developed by Karl von Linde in 1907.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 7 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was the first Venti-mask introduced that allows the precise delivery of 24%, 28%, 35%,and 40% O2?
a. 1945
b. 1954
c. 1960
d. 1972
ANSWER: C
The Campbell Venti-mask, which allowed the administration of 24%, 28%, 35%, or 40% O2, was introduced in 1960.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When were aerosolized glucocorticoids for the maintenance of patients with moderate to severe asthma first introduced?
In the 1950s In the 1960s In the 1970s In the 1980s
ANSWER: C
The use of aerosolized glucocorticoids for the maintenance of patients with moderate to severe asthma began in the 1970s.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Which of the following medications has never been delivered as an aerosol by a respiratory therapist?
Inotropes Anticholinergic Mucolytic Antibiotic
ANSWER: A
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There has been a proliferation of medications designed for aerosol administration, including bronchodilators, mucolytic, antibiotic,
anticholinergic, and antiinflammatory agents.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Which two names are linked to the development of the iron lung, which was extensively usedto treat the polio epidemic in the 1950s?
Allison and Smyth Drinker and Emerson Drager and Bennett Byrd and Tyler
ANSWER: B
The iron lung was developed by Drinker, an engineer at Harvard University. Jack H. Emerson developed a commercial version of the iron
lung that was used extensively during the polio epidemics of the 1930s and 1950s.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 5
Which of the following was one of the first positive-pressure ventilators developed?
MA-1
Bird Mark 7 Dräger Pulmotor Engstrom
ANSWER: C
Early positive-pressure ventilators included the Dräger Pulmotor (1911), the Spiropulsator (1934), the Bennett TV-2P (1948), the Morch
Piston Ventilator (1952), and the Bird Mark 7 (1958).
DIF: Recall REF: p. 8 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) first introduced to treat patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome?
a. 1935
b. 1946
c. 1958
d. 1967
ANSWER: D
Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was introduced for use in patients with ARDS in 1967.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 9 OBJECTIVES:- 4
When was synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) first introduced?
a. 1975
b. 1985
c. 1995
d. 2005
ANSWER: A
SIMV was introduced in 1975.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 9 OBJECTIVES:- 4
Who introduced the first laryngoscope, in 1913?
Thomas Allen Chevalier Jackson Jack Emerson Forrest Bird
ANSWER: B
In 1913, the laryngoscope was introduced by Chevalier Jackson.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 10 OBJECTIVES:- 5
Who introduced the use of soft rubber endotracheal tubes around 1930?
Davidson McGill Haight Murphy
ANSWER: B
Ivan McGill introduced the use of soft rubber endotracheal tubes.
DIF: Recall REF: p. 10 OBJECTIVES:- 5
In 1846, who developed a water seal spirometer, which allowed accurate measurement of the
patient’s vital capacity? Hutchinson
Strohl Tiffeneau Davis
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