2024-2025 HESI PHARMACOLOGY V1 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
A client has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as
needed. The nurse determines that the client understands the most effective
use of this medication if the client states that he or she will:
1. Watch for irritability as a side effect.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
3. Take an extra dose if the cough is accompanied by fever.
4. Crush the sustained-release tablet if immediate relief is needed. -Answer:-2.
Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be taken with a full glass of water to
decrease viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release preparations should not be
broken open, crushed, or chewed. The medication may occasionally cause
dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as side effects. The client should contact
the health care provider if the cough lasts longer than 1 week or is
accompanied by fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
A postoperative client has received a dose of naloxone hydrochloride for
respiratory depression shortly after transfer to the nursing unit from the
postanesthesia care unit. After administration of the medication, the nurse
checks the client for:
1. Pupillary changes
2. Scattered lung wheezes
,3. Sudden increase in pain
4. Sudden episodes of diarrhea -Answer:-3. Sudden increase in pain
Rationale:
Naloxone hydrochloride is an antidote to opioids and may also be given to the
postoperative client to treat respiratory depression. When given to the
postoperative client for respiratory depression, it may also reverse the effects
of analgesics. Therefore, the nurse must check the client for a sudden increase
in the level of pain experienced. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not associated with
this medication.
A client has been taking isoniazid (INH) for 2 months. The client complains to
a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities. The
nurse interprets that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
3. Small blood vessel spasm
4. Impaired peripheral circulation -Answer:-2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common side effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis.
This is manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the extremities.
This side effect can be minimized by pyridoxine (vitamin B6) intake. Options
1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid (INH). A nurse
plans to teach the client to:
1. Drink alcohol in small amounts only.
,2. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately.
3. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses. 4. Avoid vitamin supplements
during therapy. -Answer:-2. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately.
Rationale:
INH is hepatotoxic, and therefore the client is taught to report signs and
symptoms of hepatitis immediately (which include yellow skin and sclera).
For the same reason, alcohol should be avoided during therapy. The client
should avoid intake of Swiss cheese, fish such as tuna, and foods containing
tyramine because they may cause a reaction characterized by redness and
itching of the skin, flushing, sweating, tachycardia, headache, or
lightheadedness. The client can avoid developing peripheral neuritis by
increasing the intake of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) during the course of INH
therapy for TB.
A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A
nurse teaches the client that the medication:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
4. May be discontinued independently if symptoms are gone in 3 months -
Answer:-3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin should be taken exactly as directed as part of TB therapy. Doses
should not be doubled or skipped. The client should not stop therapy until
directed to do so by a health care provider. The medication should be
administered on an empty stomach unless it causes gastrointestinal upset,
, and then it may be taken with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken at
least 1 hour before the medication. Rifampin causes orange-red discoloration
of body secretions and will permanently stain soft contact lenses.
A nurse has given a client taking ethambutol (Myambutol) information about
the medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the
instructions if the client states that he or she will immediately report:
1. Impaired sense of hearing
2. Problems with visual acuity
3. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects
4. Orange-red discoloration of body secretions -Answer:-2. Problems with
visual acuity
Rationale:
Ethambutol causes optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability
to discriminate between the colors red and green. This poses a potential
safety hazard when a client is driving a motor vehicle. The client is taught to
report this symptom immediately. The client is also taught to take the
medication with food if GI upset occurs. Impaired hearing results from
antitubercular therapy with streptomycin. Orange-red discoloration of
secretions occurs with rifampin (Rifadin).
Cycloserine (Seromycin) is added to the medication regimen for a client with
tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the client-
teaching plan regarding this medication?1
. To take the medication before meals
2. To return to the clinic weekly for serum drug-level testing
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS AND
RATIONALES
A client has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as
needed. The nurse determines that the client understands the most effective
use of this medication if the client states that he or she will:
1. Watch for irritability as a side effect.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
3. Take an extra dose if the cough is accompanied by fever.
4. Crush the sustained-release tablet if immediate relief is needed. -Answer:-2.
Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be taken with a full glass of water to
decrease viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release preparations should not be
broken open, crushed, or chewed. The medication may occasionally cause
dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as side effects. The client should contact
the health care provider if the cough lasts longer than 1 week or is
accompanied by fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
A postoperative client has received a dose of naloxone hydrochloride for
respiratory depression shortly after transfer to the nursing unit from the
postanesthesia care unit. After administration of the medication, the nurse
checks the client for:
1. Pupillary changes
2. Scattered lung wheezes
,3. Sudden increase in pain
4. Sudden episodes of diarrhea -Answer:-3. Sudden increase in pain
Rationale:
Naloxone hydrochloride is an antidote to opioids and may also be given to the
postoperative client to treat respiratory depression. When given to the
postoperative client for respiratory depression, it may also reverse the effects
of analgesics. Therefore, the nurse must check the client for a sudden increase
in the level of pain experienced. Options 1, 2, and 4 are not associated with
this medication.
A client has been taking isoniazid (INH) for 2 months. The client complains to
a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities. The
nurse interprets that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
3. Small blood vessel spasm
4. Impaired peripheral circulation -Answer:-2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common side effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis.
This is manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the extremities.
This side effect can be minimized by pyridoxine (vitamin B6) intake. Options
1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
A client is to begin a 6-month course of therapy with isoniazid (INH). A nurse
plans to teach the client to:
1. Drink alcohol in small amounts only.
,2. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately.
3. Increase intake of Swiss or aged cheeses. 4. Avoid vitamin supplements
during therapy. -Answer:-2. Report yellow eyes or skin immediately.
Rationale:
INH is hepatotoxic, and therefore the client is taught to report signs and
symptoms of hepatitis immediately (which include yellow skin and sclera).
For the same reason, alcohol should be avoided during therapy. The client
should avoid intake of Swiss cheese, fish such as tuna, and foods containing
tyramine because they may cause a reaction characterized by redness and
itching of the skin, flushing, sweating, tachycardia, headache, or
lightheadedness. The client can avoid developing peripheral neuritis by
increasing the intake of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) during the course of INH
therapy for TB.
A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A
nurse teaches the client that the medication:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
4. May be discontinued independently if symptoms are gone in 3 months -
Answer:-3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin should be taken exactly as directed as part of TB therapy. Doses
should not be doubled or skipped. The client should not stop therapy until
directed to do so by a health care provider. The medication should be
administered on an empty stomach unless it causes gastrointestinal upset,
, and then it may be taken with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken at
least 1 hour before the medication. Rifampin causes orange-red discoloration
of body secretions and will permanently stain soft contact lenses.
A nurse has given a client taking ethambutol (Myambutol) information about
the medication. The nurse determines that the client understands the
instructions if the client states that he or she will immediately report:
1. Impaired sense of hearing
2. Problems with visual acuity
3. Gastrointestinal (GI) side effects
4. Orange-red discoloration of body secretions -Answer:-2. Problems with
visual acuity
Rationale:
Ethambutol causes optic neuritis, which decreases visual acuity and the ability
to discriminate between the colors red and green. This poses a potential
safety hazard when a client is driving a motor vehicle. The client is taught to
report this symptom immediately. The client is also taught to take the
medication with food if GI upset occurs. Impaired hearing results from
antitubercular therapy with streptomycin. Orange-red discoloration of
secretions occurs with rifampin (Rifadin).
Cycloserine (Seromycin) is added to the medication regimen for a client with
tuberculosis. Which of the following would the nurse include in the client-
teaching plan regarding this medication?1
. To take the medication before meals
2. To return to the clinic weekly for serum drug-level testing
