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Stats 503 Exam 1 2025 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
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Terms in this set (101)
an inherent component
variation
of all living systems
system Anything composed of multiple interacting parts
the variation in results from multiple replications of
sampling error
the same study, due to random chance
census collect data on every individual that exists
simplified representation of some part of the real
model
world
a generalization that you can make about a large
inference group based on logic and evidence (data) collected
on a few members of the group
a set of formal mathematical procedures used to
statistical inference
make valid generalizations
the collection of all individual units that we want to
study population
draw conclusions about
a smaller group selected from the population, that
sample
we actually observe and collect data on
sample units the members of the population
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a group of specimens collected from the same
statistical sample
study population
the characteristics of individuals in the sample that
variable
we observe or measure
a mathematical function that describes the relative
distribution commonness or rarity of different values for a
variable in a group
knowing the value of one variable tells us something
statistically related
about the distribution of the other variable
quantities that summarize the distribution of a
parameters
variable in a population
statistic a quantity that is calculated from data
describe our best guess for the value of a parameter
parameter estimate
based on the available data
point estimate the single value that represents our best guess
standard error quantifies our uncertainty about the point estimate
a pair of values that have a specified chance of
confidence interval
containing the true value
evaluates the probability that our data would occur
formal hypothesis test
if a set of assumptions about the population are true
describes physical and casual relationships that exist
between different parts of a living system, explains
biological model
how we think the system works, makes specific
testable predictions
an equation or set of equations that:
- describes the distribution of a variable in a
statistical model population
- describes functional relationships among variables
- allows valid inferences despite sampling error
assumes that the distribution of a variable in the
parametric model
population follows a specific functional form
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