Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

Test Bank for Pilbeam’s
Mechanical
Ventilation, 6th
Edition, J M Cairo

,Chapterhl01:hlBasichlTermshlandhlConceptshlofhlMechanicalhlVentilation
Cairo:hlPilbeam’shlMechanicalhlVentilation:hlPhysiologicalhlandhlClinicalhlApplications,hl6
thhlEdition


MULTIPLEhlCHOIC
E

1. Thehlbody’shlmechanismhlforhlconductinghlairhlinhlandhlouthlofhlthehllungshlishlknownhlashlwh
ichhlofhlthehlfollowing?
a. Externalhlrespiration
b. Internalhlrespiration
c. Spontaneoushlventilation
d. Mechanicalhlventilation
ANS:h l C
Thehlconductionhlofhlairhlinhlandhlouthlofhlthehlbodyhlishlknownhlashlventilation.hlSincehlthehlque
stionhlaskshlforhlthehlbody’shlmechanism,hlthishlwouldhlbehlspontaneoushlventilation.hlExternalhl
respirationhlinvolveshlthehlexchangehlofhloxygenhl(O2)hlandhlcarbonhldioxidehl(CO2)hlbetweenhlt
hehlalveolihlandhlthehlpulmonaryhlcapillaries.hlInternalhlrespirationhloccurshlathlthehlcellularhlleve
lhlandhlinvolveshlmovementhlofhloxygenhlfromhlthehlsystemichlbloodhlintohlthehlcells.

REF:h l h l pg.hl2

2. Whichhlofhlthehlfollowinghlarehlinvolvedhlinhlexternalhlrespiration?
a. Redhlbloodhlcellshlandhlbodyhlcells
b. Scaleneshlandhltrapeziushlmuscles
c. Alveolihlandhlpulmonaryhlcapillaries
d. Externalhlobliquehlandhltransversehlabdominalhlmuscles
ANS:h l C
Externalhlrespirationhlinvolveshlthehlexchangehlofhloxygenhlandhlcarbonhldioxidehl(CO2)hlbetwee
nhlthehlalveolihlandhlthehlpulmonaryhlcapillaries.hlInternalhlrespirationhloccurshlathlthehlcellularhll
evelhlandhlinvolveshlmovementhlofhloxygenhlfromhlthehlsystemichlbloodhlintohlthehlcells.hlScalen
ehlandhltrapeziushlmuscleshlarehlaccessoryhlmuscleshlofhlinspiration.hlExternalhlobliquehlandhltra
nsversehlabdominalhlmuscleshlarehlaccessoryhlmuscleshlofhlexpiration.

REF:h l h l pg.hl2

3. Thehlgraphhlthathlshowshlintrapleuralhlpressurehlchangeshlduringhlnormalhlspontaneoushlbreat
hinghlishldepictedhlbyhlwhichhlofhlthehlfollowing?
a.

, b.




c.




d.




ANS:h l B
Duringhlspontaneoushlbreathing,hlthehlintrapleuralhlpressurehldropshlfromhlabouthl 5hlcmhlH2Ohlathl
end-hlexpirationhltohlabouthl 10hlcmhlH2Ohlathlend-
inspiration.hlThehlgraphhldepictedhlforhlanswerhlBhlshowshlthathlchangehlfromhl 5hlcmhlH2Ohltohl
10hlcmhlH2O.

REF:h l h l pg.hl3

4. Duringhlspontaneoushlinspirationhlalveolarhlpressurehl(PA)hlishlabout:hl .
a. 1hlcmhlH2O
b.h l h l +1hlcmhlH2O
c. 0hlcmhlH2O
d. 5hlcmhlH2O
ANS:h l A
1hlcmhlH2Ohlishlthehllowesthlalveolarhlpressurehlwillhlbecomehlduringhlnormalhlspontaneoushlv
entilation.hlDuringhlthehlexhalationhlofhlahlnormalhlspontaneoushlbreathhlthehlalveolarhlpressurehl
willhlbecomehl+1hlcmhlH2O.

REF:h l h l pg.hl4

5. Thehlpressurehlrequiredhltohlmaintainhlalveolarhlinflationhlishlknownhlashlwhichhlofhlthehlfollowin
g?
a. Transairwayhlpressurehl(PTA)
b. Transthoracichlpressurehl(PTT)
c. Transrespiratoryhlpressurehl(PTR)
d. Transpulmonaryhlpressurehl(PL)
ANS:h l D

, Thehldefinitionhlofhltranspulmonaryhlpressurehl(PL)hlishlthehlpressurehlrequiredhltohlmaintainhlalv
eolarhlinflation.hlTransairwayhlpressurehl(PTA)hlishlthehlpressurehlgradienthlrequiredhltohlproducehla
irflowhlinhlthehlconductinghltubes.hlTransrespiratoryhlpressurehl(PTR)hlishlthehlpressurehltohlinflat
ehlthehllungshlandhlairwayshlduringhlpositive-
pressurehlventilation.hlTransthoracichlpressurehl(PTT)hlrepresentshlthehlpressurehlrequiredhltohlex
pandhlorhlcontracthlthehllungshlandhlthehlchesthlwallhlathlthehlsamehltime.

REF:h l h l pg.hl4

6. Calculatehlthehlpressurehlneededhltohlovercomehlairwayhlresistancehlduringhlpositive-
pressurehlventilationhlwhenhlthehlproximalhlairwayhlpressurehl(PAw)hlishl35hlcmhlH2Ohlandhlthehl
alveolarhlpressurehl(PA)hlishl5hlcmhlH2O.
a. 7hlcmhlH2O
b. 30hlcmhlH2O
c. 40hlcmhlH2O
d. 175hlcmhlH2O
ANS:h l B
Thehltransairwayhlpressurehl(PTA)hlishlusedhltohlcalculatehlthehlpressurehlrequiredhltohlovercomehla
irwayhlresistancehlduringhlmechanicalhlventilation.hlThishlformulahlishlPTAhl=hlPawhl-hlPA.

REF:h l h l pg.hl4

7. Thehltermhlusedhltohldescribehlthehltendencyhlofhlahlstructurehltohlreturnhltohlitshloriginalhlformhl
afterhlbeinghlstretchedhlorhlactedhlonhlbyhlanhloutsidehlforcehlishlwhichhlofhlthehlfollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscoushlresistance
d. Distendinghlpressure
ANS:h l A
Thehlelastancehlofhlahlstructurehlishlthehltendencyhlofhlthathlstructurehltohlreturnhltohlitshloriginalhls
hapehlafterhlbeinghlstretched.hlThehlmorehlelastancehlahlstructurehlhas,hlthehlmorehldifficulthlithlis
hltohlstretch.hlThehlcompliancehlofhlahlstructurehlishlthehleasehlwithhlwhichhlthehlstructurehldistend
shlorhlstretches.
Compliancehlishlthehloppositehlofhlelastance.hlViscoushlresistancehlishlthehloppositionhltohlmove
menthlofferedhlbyhladjacenthlstructureshlsuchhlashlthehllungshlandhltheirhladjacenthlorgans.hlDisten
dinghlpressurehlishlpressurehlrequiredhltohlmaintainhlinflation,hlforhlexample,hlalveolarhldistendi
nghlpressure.

REF:h l h l pg.hl5

8. Calculatehlthehlpressurehlrequiredhltohlachievehlahltidalhlvolumehlofhl400hlmLhlforhlanhlintubate
dhlpatienthlwithhlahlrespiratoryhlsystemhlcompliancehlofhl15hlmL/cmhlH2O.
a. 6hlcmhlH2O
b. 26.7hlcmhlH2O
c. 37.5hlcmhlH2O
d. 41.5hlcmhlH2O
ANS:h l B
Chl=hl V/ Phlthenhl Phl=hl V/ C

REF:h l h l pg.hl5