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NURA 230- Hematologic Problems Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+ $10.49
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NURA 230- Hematologic Problems Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+
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NURA 230- Hematologic Problems Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+ Anemia - Answers Decrease RBC, Hgb Clinical condition of disease - find the etiology Oxygen transport impaired Increased prevalence with age >65 Iron Deficiency Anemia - Answers Inadequate dietary intake - most com...

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  • May 8, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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NURA 230- Hematologic Problems Exam Questions with Correct Answers Graded A+

Anemia - Answers Decrease RBC, Hgb

Clinical condition of disease - find the etiology

Oxygen transport impaired

Increased prevalence with age >65

Iron Deficiency Anemia - Answers Inadequate dietary intake - most common nutritional disorder

Who is at risk?

Malabsorption - seen w/GI surgery

Iron absorbed in duodenum

Blood loss -

GI bleed - ulcers, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis

Menstrual bleeding - mild anemia but sometimes severe

Chronic kidney disease

Gerontologic Considerations of anemia - Answers May be overlooked as "aging"

Pallor, confusion, ataxia, fatigue, angina

Mild anemia Hgb 10 -12 g/dL - Answers May have no symptoms or fatigue, dyspnea or palpitations with
exertion

Moderate anemia Hgb 6 -10 g/dL - Answers Cardiopulmonary symptoms at rest or with exertion

Severe anemia Hgb <6 g/dL - Answers Symptoms affecting all body systems

Other symptoms associated with anemia - Answers Pallor

Glossitis

Cheilitis

Headache

Paresthesia

Diagnosis of anemia - Answers CBC

Iron studies - Serum Transferrin, Ferritin

,Hemoccult or stool guaiac test

Endoscopy and colonoscopy if GI bleed

Bone marrow biopsy if other tests inconclusive

Treatment of anemia - Answers Treat underlying cause

If reduced intake or malabsorption - Diet & Iron supplements

Foods needed for erythropoiesis - Vitamin B12 & Folic acid

Balance activity and rest

Diet education

Vegetarian iron sources - Answers dark leafy greens, tofu, beans, eggs, blackstrap molasses

Drug therapy for anemia - Answers PO: Ferrous Sulfate - best if absorbed in duodenum

IM or IV: Iron Dextran

Risk for Ineffective Therapeutic Management

- Take iron an hr before meals

-Take with Vitamin C

-N/V, constipation, black stool

-Do not take with coffee or tea (caffeine)

What are symptoms of a systemic reaction? - Answers Tachycardia, Difficulty breathing, hives

Pernicious Anemia - Answers Cobalamin/B12 Deficiency

Caused by failure to absorb vitamin B12



Lack of intrinsic factor - produced by parietal cells of the stomach

GI surgery



Normally B12 binds to intrinsic factor, absorbed in ileum, stored in liver

Why is B12 important? - Answers B12 assists in production of myelin on nerves

, Deficiency may cause neuromuscular dysfunction

Pernicious anemia Manifestations and Dx - Answers GI

sore, red, beefy, shiny tongue

wt loss, appetite loss, N/V, abd pain

Neuromuscular

Paresthesia hands & feet, memory loss, cognitive problems, muscle weakness, ataxia

Serum MMA and Homocysteine levels - if elevated may help determine cause - Answers Methylmalonic
acid (MMA) needed for metabolism and energy, MMA levels rise if deficient in B12 (B12 release
controlled by B12)



Homocysteine is enzyme metabolized by B12, B6 and Folate, if increased then could be indicator for
deficiency in B12 or other

Pernicious anemia Treatment - Answers Treated with parenteral B12 or intranasal B12

Pernicious anemia without Tx - Answers Fatal within 1-3 years



B12 injections daily for 2 weeks weekly until Hgb is normal then monthly for life

Sickle Cell Anemia - Answers Inherited autosomal recessive disorder of mutant Hgb (Hgb S) resulting in
tissue hypoxia & obstruction of blood vessels



Most common inherited blood disorder in U.S.

especially in AA

Patho of sickle cell anemia - Answers Named for appearance of RBCs

Sickle or crescent shaped

RBCs become rigid, sticky & fragile so can't flow through capillaries

Vaso-occlusion

Cycle of hypoxia triggers more erythrocytes

Hemolyzed by spleen causing anemia

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