AQA A Level History Stuart Britain and the Crisis of the Monarchy Glossary Questions & Answers

AQA A Level History: Stuart Britain and the Crisis of the Monarchy Glossary Questions & Answers 2024/2025 1664 Conventicle Act - ANSWER-An act that stated that religious meetings of five or more people were forbidden 1665 Five Mile Act - ANSWER-An act that stated that any preacher or teacher who refused compulsory oaths that were part of the Act of Uniformity 1662 could not go within five miles of any corporate town or parish where they had taught Absolutism - ANSWER-A form of government featuring a monarch with unlimited powers Act of Uniformity 1662 - ANSWER-This act laid down the form of public prayers and other Church of England rites that had to be followed; agreement to the act was a condition of holding a government of church position Adjutators - ANSWER-Men and junior officers who took a leading role in the politicization and political life of the army Apocalyptic - ANSWER-Having to do with complete destruction; in this context the term relates to the Apocalypse, or end of the world as described in Revelation Arminianism - ANSWER-A denomination of Protestantism whose members did not want further reformation to the Church of England Assessment - ANSWER-A tax, in the context of the Civil War the assessment was a direct tax on income used to raise money for parliamentary armies Bank of England - ANSWER-Originated from the National Debt system; it acted as a company that lent the Crown money at interest in return for the company being established as a bank Baroque - ANSWER-Highly ornate and extravagant in style and, in the case of Louis XIV and Charles II, designed to give prestige to their courts and impress other powers Bedchamber - ANSWER-The monarch's private living space; the Gentlemen of the Bedchamber were courtiers who waited upon the monarch in these rooms Bill of Attainder - ANSWER-This medieval method allowed anyone who was seen as a threat to the state to be removed by Parliament without the need for a trial Blasphemy Act - ANSWER-An Act by the Rump to prevent what they saw as the increasing threat of radical religious ideas and groups, like the Ranters and the Quakers Calvinism - ANSWER-Named after John Calvin (1509-64), a very influential Protestant reformer; Calvinism became the dominant branch of Protestantism within the Church of England Caroline - ANSWER-The period of English history during the reign of Charles I (1625-49) Catholicism - ANSWER-The faith of the Christian Church headed by the Pope Chancery - ANSWER-One of the leading central royal courts for the resolution of disputes, particularly land-based or financial, between members of the Political Nation Personal monarchy - ANSWER-The idea that monarchs had a God-given right to rule and that rebellion against them was a sin Comprehension - ANSWER-At the time this word meant 'inclusion'; in this context it refers to the aim of broadening the established Church of England to allow a greater range of dissenters to come within the Church of England Conventicle - ANSWER-A secret meeting of religious non-conformists Personal Rule - ANSWER-The period from 1629 to 1640 when King Charles I ruled without Parliament; Charles' Royal Prerogative allowed this Points of contact - ANSWER-Communication between the Political Nation and the monarch, mainly through the court and Parliament Cornet - ANSWER-The lowest rank for an army officer Council of State - ANSWER-The Protectorate Council would select Cromwell's successor and guide the Protector on policy Political Nation - ANSWER-Members of society who influence how a country is run; in Early Modern Britain, it included the land-owning aristocracy and gentry, as well as other wealthy individuals sometimes referred to as 'the elite' Court masque - ANSWER-A type of dramatic entertainment popular among the English nobility during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries that included dancing and acting by masked players Pragmatic - ANSWER-Dealing with situations logically and realistically, relying on practical consideration rather than abstract theories Crown patronage - ANSWER-The power of a monarch or leading Crown ministers to bestow jobs as a means of binding the recipient as a loyal client Predestination - ANSWER-The belief that an individual's salvation was already decided by God and not dependent on them leading a good life Crypto-Catholics - ANSWER-Those Catholics who kept their Catholicism a secret to maintain their roles or position at court Prerogative - ANSWER-The power of the Crown, derived from the idea that the divine right to rule is given by God to monarchs Customs tax - ANSWER-A tax on goods on their way to market, which was paid to the king Privy Council - ANSWER-The king's selected advisers who met in private to shape the monarch's wishes into policy and oversee their implementation De facto - ANSWER-A Latin phrase that means 'of fact' or 'in fact'; in this case the term refers to a monarch or government in possession of power, whether or not they have the right to that power Prorogue - ANSWER-To discontinue Parliament without dissolving it Puritanism - ANSWER-A radical form of Protestantism; Puritans sought a further reformation of the Church of England to remove the remnants of Catholicism that remained after the Reformation Decimation tax - ANSWER-The decimation tax was a fine of 10 per cent of annual income imposed on wealthy Royalists from 1655 to find local militants Fiscal - ANSWER-Another word for financial Fiscal-military state - ANSWER-A state financially organized for war with a supporting administration Forced loans - ANSWER-A form of prerogative income for the Crown; they were not very often demanded by monarchs and normally only applied to wealthy individuals Franchise - ANSWER-The right to vote Freethinkers - ANSWER-Those who were outside the Church of England and did not believe in the literal truth of the Bible; they believed the world could be understood through examining nature Great Chain of Being - ANSWER-Contemporary phrase for the idea of an ordered society set in place by God Habeas Corpus - ANSWER-'You have a body'; a writ of official Crown document to bring a person before a court or judge to ensure that they are legally held prisoner Holy Roman Emperor - ANSWER-The leader of the Jimmy Roman Empire and official leader of all German lands Iconoclasm - ANSWER-The destruction or damaging of icons in churches; particularly focused on stained glass or statues associated with Laud's 'beauty of holiness', and therefore Catholicism Impeachment - ANSWER-A method whereby a crown minister could be tried for treason or other crimes against a country by the House of Lords on charges outlined in a petition from the House of Commons Imposition - ANSWER-A tax or duty Indemnity act - ANSWER-A protection against loss; an indemnity act would provide soldiers with insurance against prosecution for actions taken during the Civil War Continues...