, TEST BANK FOR g g
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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Chapter 1-27 g
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
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MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
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a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B g
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
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DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
g g g g g g g g
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. g
ANS: C g
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
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a. recognize self from nonself. g g g
b. defend the body against nonself. g g g g
c. amplify specific functions. g g
d. Both A and B. g g g
ANS: D g
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
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against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
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nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
g g g g g g g g g g
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
g g g g g g g g g
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
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a. natural resistance. g
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. g g g g
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
g g
d. recovery from infectious disease. g g g
ANS: C g
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
g g g g g g g g g g
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
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many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
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transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
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a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. g g g
ANS: D g
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation
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among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
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lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
g g g g g g g g g g g g
mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific
g g g g g g g g g g g
cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the g g g g g g g
a. immediate hours after conception g g g
b. second month of gestation.
g g g
c. second trimester of gestation.
g g g
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
g g g g g
ANS: A g
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
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a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
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b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
g g g g
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. g g g g
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
g g g g
ANS: A g
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
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the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
g g g g g g
a. to reduce inflammation.
g g
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
g g g g g g
c. antigen recognition. g
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D g
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
g g g g g g g g g
system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
can be released in severe infections.
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
g g g g g g g
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. g g g
ANS: D g
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
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1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, g g g g g g g
myeloperoxidase) g
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. g g g g g g g g
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gwith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba g
c. allergic reactions g
d. bacteria
ANS: C g
Immunology and Serology in Laboratory Medicine, 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
g g g g g g g g g g g
Chapter 1-27 g
Chapter 01: Highlights of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems
g g g g g g g g g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. The ―father‖ of immunology is generally considered to be
g g g g g g g g
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS: B g
Louis Pasteur is generally considered to be the ―father of immunology.‖
g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
2. An early form of immunization was practiced by the
g g g g g g g g
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native Americans. g
ANS: C g
Beginning about 1000 AD, the Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesions.
g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
3. A specific function of the immune system is to
g g g g g g g g
a. recognize self from nonself. g g g
b. defend the body against nonself. g g g g
c. amplify specific functions. g g
d. Both A and B. g g g
ANS: D g
The function of the immune system is to recognize self from nonself and defend the body
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
against nonself. Such a system is necessary for survival. The immune system also has
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
nonspecific effector mechanisms that usually amplify the specific functions. Nonspecific
g g g g g g g g g g
components of the immune system include mononuclear phagocytes, polymorphonuclear
g g g g g g g g g
leukocytes, and soluble factors (e.g., complement).
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
4. An undesirable consequence of immunity is
g g g g g
a. natural resistance. g
b. acquired resistance to infectious diseases. g g g g
, c. an autoimmune disorder.
g g
d. recovery from infectious disease. g g g
ANS: C g
The desirable consequences of immunity include natural resistance, recovery, and acquired
g g g g g g g g g g
resistance to infectious diseases. A deficiency or dysfunction of the immune system can cause
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
many disorders. Undesirable consequences of immunity include allergy, rejection of a
g g g g g g g g g g g
transplanted organ, or an autoimmune disorder.
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
5. The immune system has various distinctive characteristics except;
g g g g g g g
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation among different cells. g g g
ANS: D g
The immune system is composed of a large, complex set of widely distributed elements, with
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the distinctive characteristics of specificity, memory, mobility, replicability, and cooperation
g g g g g g g g g g
among different cells or cellular products. Specificity and memory are characteristics of
g g g g g g g g g g g g
lymphocytes in the immune system. Nonspecific elements of the immune system demonstrate
g g g g g g g g g g g g
mobility. In addition, specific and nonspecific cellular components of the immune system can
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
replicate. Cooperation is required for optimal functioning, and interaction involves specific
g g g g g g g g g g g
cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements.
g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
6. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the g g g g g g g
a. immediate hours after conception g g g
b. second month of gestation.
g g g
c. second trimester of gestation.
g g g
d. periods of severe anemia in children.
g g g g g
ANS: A g
The sites of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, follow a definite sequence in the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
embryo and fetus. Hematopoiesis occurs in the yolk sac during the second month of gestation.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
7. The sequence of blood cell development in the embryo and fetus is
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. yolk sac, liver-spleen, bone marrow.
g g g g
b. yolk sac, bone marrow, liver/spleen.
g g g g
c. liver-spleen, yolk sac, bone marrow. g g g g
d. bone marrow, liver-spleen, yolk sac.
g g g g
ANS: A g
, The first blood cells are primitive red blood cells (erythroblasts; RBCs) formed in the islets of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the yolk sac during the first 2 to 8 weeks of life. Gradually, the liver and spleen replace the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
yolk sac as the sites of blood cell development. By the second month of gestation, the liver
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
becomes the major site of hematopoiesis, and granular types of leukocytes have made their
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
initial appearance. The liver and spleen predominate from about 2 to 5 months of fetal life. In
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the fourth month of gestation, bone marrow begins to produce blood cells. After the fifth fetal
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
month, bone marrow begins to assume its ultimate role as the primary site of hematopoiesis.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
8. The primary function of mature neutrophils is
g g g g g g
a. to reduce inflammation.
g g
b. to lyse parasites in the circulatory system.
g g g g g g
c. antigen recognition. g
d. phagocytosis.
ANS: D g
Various phagocytic cells continually circulate throughout the blood, lymph, gastrointestinal
g g g g g g g g g
system, and respiratory tract. When trauma occurs, the neutrophils arrive at the site of injury
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
and can be found in the initial exudate in less than 1 hour. Monocytes are slower in moving to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
the inflammatory site. Macrophages resident in the tissues of the body are already in place to
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
deal with an intruding agent. Additional macrophages from the bone marrow and other tissues
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
can be released in severe infections.
g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: II g g
9. Primary granules, or azurophilic granules, in neutrophils contain
g g g g g g g
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both A and B. g g g
ANS: D g
Granules in the phagocyte cytosol contain degradatory enzymes of three types
g g g g g g g g g g
1. Primary, or azurophilic, granules containing enzymes (e.g., lysozyme, g g g g g g g
myeloperoxidase) g
2. Secondary, or specific, granules containing substances such as lactoferrin. g g g g g g g g
3. Tertiary granules containing substances such as caspases g g g g g g
DIF: Cognitive Level: I g g
10. The origin of a condition when eosinophils are increased in the circulating blood is associated
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gwith:
a. fungus
b. parasitic amoeba g
c. allergic reactions g
d. bacteria
ANS: C g
