Pathophysiology FINAL EXAM- Rasmussen University

Monitor heart. Complications of the heart. - Low potassium (Hypokalemia) Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol. Increase heart rate and increase in blood pressure - Catecholamines - Flight or fight response Plasma protein. It keeps water along with it. Water escapes into interstitial cell space. Swelling. Fluid is in the wrong places. Fluid in the peritoneal cavity. - Function of Albumin - decrease albumin - ascites Sodium and water retention - Function of aldosterone extracellular, interstitial, intracellular, intravascular - Different fluid compartments increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. Decreased albumin levels. - Causes of edema Sign is something you see. Objective you observe is a sign. Subjective is a symptom. Symptom is something the patient is feeling. - Signs and Symptoms Immune complex reaction. RA and SLE - Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction examples Contact with allergen - Cause of contact dermatitis Primary, secondary, tertiary - Levels of prevention Fatal to brain- Nervous system changes - Hyponatremia They will not listen to the signals of apoptosis cell death. They communicate and invade nearby organs - Metastatic cancer cells Powerhouse. - Function of the mitochondria Helps with the production of proteins synthesis. - Ribosomes After 50 years, every 10 years screening for colonoscopy. Stool for occult blood every year, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years - Colonoscopy Helps in the production of RBC, WBC, and platelets. Hematopoiesis - Primary function of the bone marrow Swelling, pain, redness, warmth - Assessment findings with localized inflammation Increased amount white blood cells - Leukocytosis Uncontrolled modification of immature white blood cells, decreased RBC, and decreased platelet. Lead to bone marrow suppression - Leukemia Develop disease and develop immunity of disease (immunization). - Active immunity Transfer of antibodies of one person to another. - Passive immunity Abnormal uric acid metabolism - What happens with Gout? bone loss due to aging. Increased bone reabsorption than bone formation. - Osteoporosis Respiratory management - Priority assessment with myasthenia crisis produces blood glucose levels - Insulin helps to increase blood glucose levels. Breaks down stored glycogen into glucose. - Glucagon Body continues to produce growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have been fused - Acromegaly Increased growth hormone production during the growth period. - Gigantism calcium imbalance - Parathyroid gland problems Priority assessment with spinal cord injury - Maintaining the airway Change of the mental status. Indicator of brain function - Glasgow coma scale Diving accident - Examples for compression injury Problems during pregnancy and labor, irreversible changes before, during, and after birth. - cause for cerebral palsy break in the artery. Sudden bleeding - Epidural rupture of the vein. Gradual or slow bleeding - Subarachnoid Due to bleeding - hemorrhagic occurs when a piece breaks off a blood clot that formed outside the brain, and the clot is carried to a cerebral artery and blocks it - Thromboembolic Compression of the brain. Decreased perfusion, and inflammation. - What happens with increases intracranial pressure Confusion, disorientation, restlessness, dilated pupils - Signs of increased ICP Brain injury resulting from the body's response to tissue damage. - What cause secondary brain injury after head trauma can lead to increase ammonia level in the blood - Encephalitis inflammation of the brain - Encephalitis inflammation of the meninges - meningitis Abnormal electrical discharges of the brain. Classified on the signs and symptoms. - Seizures Tremors, bradycardia, slow movement, mask like expression. Cause: decreased dopamine levels. - Parkinson disease symptoms Demineralization of the neurons - Multiple sclerosis Lack of blood flow to the brain. CT scan - Cause of CVA and diagnosis Secondary injury to the brain after reestablishing blood flow - Reperfusion injury Ventilator dependent patients priority - airway increased RBC production - Polycythemia Tissue hypoxia. Restore oxygen in the body - Anemia complication and treatment goal biopsy: you'll see reed Steinberg cells - Hodgkins lymphoma affects the lymphatics. Upper part of the body - Hodgkins lymphoma affects the lymphatics anywhere in the body. - Non-hodgkins lymphoma · ventricular dysfunction. Problems in the heart. Common reason- Mi or heart failure. - Cardiogenic shock is caused by insufficient circulatory volume - Hypovolemic shock is caused due to sepsis - Septic shock loss of consciousness, tachycardia, hypotention - complications of shock Inflammation of the vein - phlebitis