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AICE AS Level History – Unit 1, International Option – Cambridge – Summary of Key Events, Concepts, and Figures (19th–Early 20th Century)

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This document offers a comprehensive summary of Unit 1 from the AICE AS Level History International Option. It covers major international conflicts and diplomatic developments from the late 19th to early 20th centuries, including the Sino-Japanese War, Scramble for Africa, Boer Wars, and alliances leading to WWI. It also includes key individuals, ideological movements, and concepts relevant to the era of New Imperialism and rising global tensions. This is a structured and concise reference sheet, ideal for revision.

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A Level History
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Uploaded on
May 5, 2025
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
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Unit 1, AICE AS Level History International Option




2. Sino-Japanese Fought between China and Japan over the issue of Korea; The
Sino-Japanese
War (1894-1895) War of 1884 to 1895 and the subsequent harsh peace treaty
revealed China's helplessness in the face of aggression,
triggering a rush for foreign concessions and protectorates in
China.




3. Spanish-Ameri- Conflict between the U.S. and Spain that began the rise of the
U.S. as a world power.
can War (1898) The U.S. gained control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines as a result. US also gained some control over Cuba




4. Anglo-Japanese This was Britain's alliance with Japan against Russia. Slowly,
cautiously, Brit was Alliance (1902) ending its isolationism which had seemed
especially bothersome in wake of Fashoda Crisis and Boer War. Began to be
concerned about its position in the naval race. Saw Russia as threat to its postition


, Unit 1, AICE AS Level History International Option

in the Near, Middle(Persia) and Far (China) East. Japan, which was imperializing in
Korea and China was also in competition with Russian expansionism.

5. Entente Cordiale a "friendly agreement" between Britain and France, was not an
alliance/commit(1904) ment. Just reduced their isolation and got rid of any past
problems they still had with each other




6. Russo-Japanese conflict between Russia and Japan, sparked by the two countries'
efforts to domi-
War (1904-05) nate Manchuria and Korea; Japan emerged victorious and as
a recognized global power




7. Scramble for Sudden wave of conquests in Africa by European powers in the
1880s and 1890s.
Africa Britain obtained most of eastern Africa, France most of northwestern Africa.
Other
countries (Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain) acquired lesser amounts.

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