Exam 2: PNR 105/PNR105 (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Pharmacology | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | GRADED A - Fortis

Exam 2: PNR 105/PNR105 (Latest 2025/2026 Update) Pharmacology | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | GRADED A - Fortis Question: Virus means? Answers: A small infectious agent that can reproduce only inside living cells of a host, including human cells. Question: Where is your intestinal flura located? Answers: Organisms throughout the body Question: What is a pathogen? Answers: An organism that is expected to cause infection even among people with strong immune systems. Question: What is a parasite? Answers: An organism that lives on or in a human and relies on the human for it's food and other functions. Question: What is bacteria? Answers: Microscopic living organisms that exist everywhere and are both beneficial and dangerous. They are capable of preventing and causing infection. (good bacteria help us and bad bacteria cause infection) Question: What are the shapes of bacteria? Answers: Rods, spears, spirals Question: Fungus Answers: Yeast and mold Question: Name a type of medication that is a broad-spectrum antiboitic? Answers: Penicillin (treat grand - and +) Question: When would you give a broad-spectrum? Answers: Before the test results come back Question: Who should you NOT give beta blocker medications to? Answers: Asthma patients and COPD patients Question: What type of drug am I gonna give you before it's identified? Answers: Broad-spectrum Question: If a patient is allergic to penicillin, what can you give them instead? Answers: Cephalosporins Question: What can pathogens do you? Answers: Can cause an infection even if your healthy Question: What can tetracyclines do to kids younger then 8? Answers: Makes your teeth black and cause inadequate bone loss Question: This antibotic can cause adverse effects like damage to the kidneys and permenate damage to the ear? Answers: Aminoglycoside Question: What category of antibiotics will cause peripheral neuropathy or Tendon rupture? Answers: Flouoroquinoles Question: You are given a patient who is a sulfonamide antimicrobial. What is the name of one of the drugs? Answers: Sulfonamide Antimicrobial - Bactrum Question: What do you teach your patient if they are ordered Bactrum? Answers: Drink 1 1/2 Liters of fluids a day (to prevent urinary crystals) Question: A patient has TB(tuberculosis) and he is taking INH and rifampin. What lab study do you have to watch for an adverse effect? Answers: Liver enzymes Question: Parkinsonism is an embalance, what is decreased and increased? Answers: Decrease Dopemin and increased acetylcholine Question: A patient has HIV, and he has been given a: Answers: CART (combination antiviral therapy) Question: What kind of teaching to avoid when taking a combination antiviral therapy(CART)? Answers: Limit alcohol use to reduce liver damage Question: You are taking care of a patient with epilepsy and he briefly loses consciousness in less than 30 seconds. Answers: Petit mal or absent seizure (staring at you and not moving) Question: A young child baring female who is epilepic, and she is taking Phenobarbital and Dilantin. What is one of the biggest things to teach her? Answers: Use adequate birth control because the medications can cause birth defects. Question: What drug is the only drug you can open up and it is an extended release drug for Alzheimers patient only? Answers: Namenda (is the only drug you can open up and put it in food for patient's) Question: What is the name of the drug we give that is an antagonist to benzos? Answers: Romazicon & Flumazenio Question: What do beta blockers do to the blood pressure? Answers: Lower BP and decrease the heart rate Question: You have a patient who just began taking a first-generation antipsychotic drug. And has been taking it for several days and all of a sudden he starts with facial grimacing, upper eye movement, and muscle spasms of the tongue, face, neck, and back. And his trunk is arched forward. What is the term called? Answers: Acute dystonia (abnormal tone) Question: A patient with a stooped posture, a shuffling gait, and trimmers at rest is taking a first-generation antipsychotic drug. What is the term called? Answers: Pseudoparkinsonism Question: What is the name of the drug that it's specific job is to relieve pain either by changing the perception of pain or reducing the painful stimulation? Answers: Analgesic Question: Your patient is on an opioid. What are the two most common side effects? Answers: Constipation and sleepyness Question: What do we use for opioid overdose? Answers: Narcan/Naloxone Question: What do we call the term "I've been taking percocets for 1 year and now 1 percocet doesn't do it anymore, and I need 2? Answers: Tolerance Question: What is the most powerful class of diuretics? Answers: Loop diuretic Question: What do we call the name of the drug that lowers your LDL or the bad cholesterol? Answers: Statins Question: What's the drug classification that's gonna prevent the conversion to angiotensin 1 and angiotensin 2? Answers: Ace inhibitors Question: How does calcium channel blocker lower blood pressure? Answers: It relaxes vascular smooth muscle Question: What is hydrochlorothiazide? Answers: Water pill (report if you have muscle cramps and musule weakness) Question: What does the drugs do for parkinson's disease? Answers: Slows and delays the worsening of the symptoms Question: What do you teach a patient with Parkinson's about medication? Answers: Take it on an empty stomach about half an hour to an hour before the dose. (It will decrease the absorption of the medicine) (Take the drug 30 - 60 mins before you eat) Question: What foods do patient's with Parkinson's have to avoid? Answers: Tyramine, rich foods (avacodos, process meats, aged cheese) Question: Patient's that are taking antidepressant medications for major depressant, how long do it take for the medication to kick in? Answers: Few weeks Question: What is something you would teach your patient who just started lasix? Answers: Take it in the morning only and when getting out of bed to get up slowly Question: What is the name of the drug that can be given to the patient without identifying the specific organism that is causing the infection? What is the term called? Answers: Empiric Question: What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension? Answers: Primary hypertension - no cause unknown(it just happens) Secondary hypertension - there is a known cause Question: What is a symptom of active TB? Answers: - Cough - Rust color sputum - Night sweats Question: What is the first line drug for Tuberculosis (TB)? Answers: - Rifampin - INH - Ethambutol/myambutol Question: Pencillin allergies are: Answers: - Itching - Rash - Anaphylaxis Question: If your patient was taking a diuretic and you wanted to make sure he was on a healthy diet for potassium. What foods would you tell him to eat that are high in potassium? Answers: - Bananas - Oranges - Avacados - Can salmon Question: What are antihypertensives meds? What are you going to teach your patient? Answers: - Monitor BP and record it - When they are rising out of the chair/bed and to go slow - No alcohol - Monitor your pulse Question: Your patient have to take ibuprofen for the next couple of weeks. What would you tell him to take with the ibuprofen? Answers: 8 oz of milk