Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
A 2-yr-old infant with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is introduced to the clinic for a routine
assessment. Which assessment finding indicates the presence of a common problem often
experienced with the aid of those with Down syndrome?
A.Presence of a systolic murmur
B.New onset of patchy alopecia
C.Complaints of long bone pain
D.Recent projectile vomiting - ANS-ANS: A
Congenital heart sickness happens in forty% to 50% of youngsters with trisomy 21 (Down
syndrome). Defects of the atrial or ventricular septum that create systolic murmurs (A) are the
most commonplace coronary heart defects related to this congenital anomaly. (B, C, and D)
aren't recognized as commonplace complications of trisomy 21.
A 3-month-old little one returns from surgery with elbow restraints and a Logan's bow over a
cleft lip suture line. Which intervention have to the nurse put in force to preserve suture line
integrity throughout the preliminary postoperative length?
A.Place the little one upright in an little one seat role.
B.Provide mittens with the usage of elbow restraints.
C.Use soft rubber catheters for nasal suctioning.
D.Apply water-soluble lubricant to the suture line. - ANS-ANS: A
The use of an toddler seat simulates a supine position with the pinnacle increased (A) and also
prevents aspiration. Prone positioning ought to be avoided to save you disruption of the
protecting Logan's bow and prevent the infant from rubbing the face on the mattress floor.
Mittens (B) aren't necessary and decrease the ability to provide sensory consolation, such as
hand maintaining. Nasal suctioning (C) must be avoided to save you trauma or dislodging clots
on the surgical website. Water-soluble lubricant (D) will dry the suture line and purpose crusting,
which predisposes the suture line to negative restoration and scarring.
A 3-month-old little one weighing 10 lb 15 oz.Has an axillary temperature of ninety eight.Nine° F.
What caloric quantity does this toddler need?
,A.Four hundred energy/day
B.500 calories/day
C.Six hundred calories/day
D.700 energy/day - ANS-ANS: C
An infant requires 108 energy/kg/day. The first step is to change 10 lb 15 ouncesto 10.9 lb. Then
convert kilos to kilograms by way of dividing kilos by way of 2.2, that's 10.9/2.2 = 4.954 kg,
rounded to five kg. The second step is to multiply 108 calories/kg/day (108 × five = 540
calories/day). However, this infant requires 10% greater energy due to the 1° F temperature
elevation. Ten percentage of 540 (energy/day) is 54 and 540 + fifty four = 594. This little one will
require about six hundred calories/day (C). (A, B, and D) are incorrect.
A three-week-old toddler is cited an orthopedic health facility because the pediatrician heard a
click when flexing the child's proper hip all through a recurring bodily examination. The
orthopedic medical doctor suspects that the child might have developmental dysplasia of the hip
(DDH). The mother and father ask the nurse to discover chance factors typically related to DDH.
Which response is accurate?
A.Vertex shipping
B.Male gender
C.Breech presentation
D.Second-born toddler - ANS-ANS: C
toddlers who present within the breech position (C), no longer the vertex (head-first) position
(A). Twice as many women as males found in breech role; accordingly, eighty% of children with
DDH are ladies, now not men (B). Of breech presentations, 60% arise with first-born children,
not subsequent siblings (D), probable because of the unstretched uterus and compaction of the
surrounding belly contents, which generally tend to increase compression on the uterus in the
nulliparous girl.
A four-yr-vintage child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson's principle of psychosocial
development is the nurse addressing when coaching inhalation remedy?
A.Autonomy
B.Industry
, C.Trust
D.Initiative - ANS-ANS: D
Children 4 to 5 years of age are within the "Initiative vs. Guilt" level of Erikson's idea of
psychosocial development (D). They experience being lively and taking part in role playing.
"Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" occurs at 1 to three years of age (A). "Industry vs. Inferiority"
occurs at 6 to eleven years (B); "Trust vs. Mistrust" (C) takes place from start to 1 12 months of
age.
A 6-month-antique male toddler is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit with elbow restraints
in vicinity. He has an endotracheal tube and is ventilator-based however may be extubated
quickly following healing from anesthesia. Which nursing intervention should be protected on
this infant's plan of care?
A.Keep restraints on always to prevent unplanned extubation.
B.Remove restraints one by one and provide variety-of-movement physical games.
C.Remove all restraints concurrently and provide play sports.
D.Document the purpose for utility of the restraints every 72 hours. - ANS-ANS: B
Removing restraints separately (B) is safer than (C). The toddler must have the constrained
extremities assessed regularly for signs of neurologic or vascular impairment, and
range-of-movement physical games have to be carried out with these exams. Under no
instances must restraints be implemented to the purchaser continuously (A). Documentation of
assessment findings regarding the restricted extremities should arise an awful lot greater often
than every seventy two hours (D); but, the motive for using restraints ought to be justified and
must be said inside the medical file.
A 7-month-vintage little one with a rotavirus causing extreme diarrhea is admitted for remedy.
Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A.Obtain a scale to weigh the infant's diapers.
B.Instruct the mom to provide Pedialyte regularly.
C.Insert an intravenous (IV) line and start IV fluids.
D.Obtain a stool specimen for evaluation. - ANS-ANS: C
An infant with extreme diarrhea is at high hazard for dehydration, so the nurse's priority is to
initiate IV fluids (C) to rehydrate the little one. (A, B, and D) can then be carried out as wished.
A 2-yr-old infant with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is introduced to the clinic for a routine
assessment. Which assessment finding indicates the presence of a common problem often
experienced with the aid of those with Down syndrome?
A.Presence of a systolic murmur
B.New onset of patchy alopecia
C.Complaints of long bone pain
D.Recent projectile vomiting - ANS-ANS: A
Congenital heart sickness happens in forty% to 50% of youngsters with trisomy 21 (Down
syndrome). Defects of the atrial or ventricular septum that create systolic murmurs (A) are the
most commonplace coronary heart defects related to this congenital anomaly. (B, C, and D)
aren't recognized as commonplace complications of trisomy 21.
A 3-month-old little one returns from surgery with elbow restraints and a Logan's bow over a
cleft lip suture line. Which intervention have to the nurse put in force to preserve suture line
integrity throughout the preliminary postoperative length?
A.Place the little one upright in an little one seat role.
B.Provide mittens with the usage of elbow restraints.
C.Use soft rubber catheters for nasal suctioning.
D.Apply water-soluble lubricant to the suture line. - ANS-ANS: A
The use of an toddler seat simulates a supine position with the pinnacle increased (A) and also
prevents aspiration. Prone positioning ought to be avoided to save you disruption of the
protecting Logan's bow and prevent the infant from rubbing the face on the mattress floor.
Mittens (B) aren't necessary and decrease the ability to provide sensory consolation, such as
hand maintaining. Nasal suctioning (C) must be avoided to save you trauma or dislodging clots
on the surgical website. Water-soluble lubricant (D) will dry the suture line and purpose crusting,
which predisposes the suture line to negative restoration and scarring.
A 3-month-old little one weighing 10 lb 15 oz.Has an axillary temperature of ninety eight.Nine° F.
What caloric quantity does this toddler need?
,A.Four hundred energy/day
B.500 calories/day
C.Six hundred calories/day
D.700 energy/day - ANS-ANS: C
An infant requires 108 energy/kg/day. The first step is to change 10 lb 15 ouncesto 10.9 lb. Then
convert kilos to kilograms by way of dividing kilos by way of 2.2, that's 10.9/2.2 = 4.954 kg,
rounded to five kg. The second step is to multiply 108 calories/kg/day (108 × five = 540
calories/day). However, this infant requires 10% greater energy due to the 1° F temperature
elevation. Ten percentage of 540 (energy/day) is 54 and 540 + fifty four = 594. This little one will
require about six hundred calories/day (C). (A, B, and D) are incorrect.
A three-week-old toddler is cited an orthopedic health facility because the pediatrician heard a
click when flexing the child's proper hip all through a recurring bodily examination. The
orthopedic medical doctor suspects that the child might have developmental dysplasia of the hip
(DDH). The mother and father ask the nurse to discover chance factors typically related to DDH.
Which response is accurate?
A.Vertex shipping
B.Male gender
C.Breech presentation
D.Second-born toddler - ANS-ANS: C
toddlers who present within the breech position (C), no longer the vertex (head-first) position
(A). Twice as many women as males found in breech role; accordingly, eighty% of children with
DDH are ladies, now not men (B). Of breech presentations, 60% arise with first-born children,
not subsequent siblings (D), probable because of the unstretched uterus and compaction of the
surrounding belly contents, which generally tend to increase compression on the uterus in the
nulliparous girl.
A four-yr-vintage child has cystic fibrosis. Which stage of Erikson's principle of psychosocial
development is the nurse addressing when coaching inhalation remedy?
A.Autonomy
B.Industry
, C.Trust
D.Initiative - ANS-ANS: D
Children 4 to 5 years of age are within the "Initiative vs. Guilt" level of Erikson's idea of
psychosocial development (D). They experience being lively and taking part in role playing.
"Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt" occurs at 1 to three years of age (A). "Industry vs. Inferiority"
occurs at 6 to eleven years (B); "Trust vs. Mistrust" (C) takes place from start to 1 12 months of
age.
A 6-month-antique male toddler is admitted to the postanesthesia care unit with elbow restraints
in vicinity. He has an endotracheal tube and is ventilator-based however may be extubated
quickly following healing from anesthesia. Which nursing intervention should be protected on
this infant's plan of care?
A.Keep restraints on always to prevent unplanned extubation.
B.Remove restraints one by one and provide variety-of-movement physical games.
C.Remove all restraints concurrently and provide play sports.
D.Document the purpose for utility of the restraints every 72 hours. - ANS-ANS: B
Removing restraints separately (B) is safer than (C). The toddler must have the constrained
extremities assessed regularly for signs of neurologic or vascular impairment, and
range-of-movement physical games have to be carried out with these exams. Under no
instances must restraints be implemented to the purchaser continuously (A). Documentation of
assessment findings regarding the restricted extremities should arise an awful lot greater often
than every seventy two hours (D); but, the motive for using restraints ought to be justified and
must be said inside the medical file.
A 7-month-vintage little one with a rotavirus causing extreme diarrhea is admitted for remedy.
Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
A.Obtain a scale to weigh the infant's diapers.
B.Instruct the mom to provide Pedialyte regularly.
C.Insert an intravenous (IV) line and start IV fluids.
D.Obtain a stool specimen for evaluation. - ANS-ANS: C
An infant with extreme diarrhea is at high hazard for dehydration, so the nurse's priority is to
initiate IV fluids (C) to rehydrate the little one. (A, B, and D) can then be carried out as wished.
