HESI Fundamentals Exit Exam | Graded A| Q
m m m m m m m
uestions and Correct Detailed Answers with
m m m m m m
Rationales| Latest 2023/ 2024 m m m
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymblood mtest mresultsmformamclient mand mnotesmthat mthemhemoglo
binmSm(HgbmS)mvaluemismelevated.mThemnursemdeterminesmthat mthismlaboratorymfindingmis massociated
mwithmwhichmcondition?
A.mAplasticmanemia
B.mSicklemcellmanemia
C.mInfectiousmmononucleosis
D.mAcutemlymphocyticmleukemia
Answer:
B.mSicklemcellmanemia
Sicklemcellmanemiamismamseveremanemia mthat mpredominantlymaffectsmAfricanmAmericans.mIt mismchara
cterized mbymthempresencemof mHgbmS.mThemclient mmust mhavem2mabnormalmgenesmencodingmHgbmSmtom
havemsicklemcellmdisease.mAmclient mcould mhavemsicklemcell mtrait mbymcarryingm1mhemoglobinmA mgenem
and m1mHgbmSmgene.mHgbmSmismnot massociated mwithmaplasticmanemia,minfectiousmmononucleosis,morm
acutemlymphocyticmleukemia.
QUESTION
Amclient mismdonatingmblood mformamfamilymmembermwhomismhavingm surgery. mThe mnursemtellsmthemcli
ent mthat manmindirect mCoombs'mtest mwillmbemperformed monmthemblood.mThemclient masksmthemnursemab
out mthempurposemof mthemtest.mWhichmresponsemshould mthemnursemprovidemtomthemclient?
A.m"Themtest mdetectsmthempresencemof mhepatitismBmvirus."
B.m"Themtest mdetectsmthemamount mof mhemoglobinminmthemblood."
C.m"Themtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)."
D.m"Themtest mdetectsmthempresencemof mhumanmimmunodeficiencymvirusm(HIV)."
Answer:
C.m"Themtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)."
Themindirect mCoombs'mtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mRBCs.mThismtest mismused minmaddi
tionmtomthemABO mtypingmthat mnormallymismdonemtomdeterminemblood mtype.mThemindirect mCoombs'
,test mdoesmnot mdetect mthempresencemof mhepatitismBmvirus,mamount mof mhemoglobinminmthemblood,mormth
empresencemof mHIV.
QUESTION
Amclient'smlaboratorymtest mresultsmrevealmanmincreased mtransferrinmlevelmand mamdecreased miron-
bindingmcapacity.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthesemlaboratorymresultsmaremcompatiblemwithmanemiam
becausemof mwhichmproblem?
A.mInfection
B.mMalnutrition
C.mIronmdeficiency
D.mSicklemcellmdisease
Answer:
C.mIronmdeficiency
Ironmdeficiencymanemiamusuallymismcharacterized mbymdecreased miron-
bindingmcapacitymand mincreased mtransferrinmsaturation.mInfectionmismnot massociated mwithmthesemlab
oratorymvalues.mMalnutritionmcanmcausemreductionsminmbothmiron-
bindingmcapacitymand mtransferrinmsaturation.mSicklemcellmanemiamismdiagnosed mbymdeterminingmthat
mthemclient mhasmhemoglobinmS.
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mand mnotesmthat mthemdifferentialmwh
itemblood mcellm(WBC)mcount mindicatesmamshift mtomthemright.mThemnursemsuspectsmthat mthemclient'smd
iagnosismismmost mlikelymtombemwhichmone?
A.mSepsis
B.mPneumonia
C.mPerniciousmanemia
D.mCoronarymarterymdisease
Answer:
C.mPerniciousmanemia
AmdifferentialmWBCmcount mismthemleukocytemcount mbrokenmdownm(differentiated)maccordingmtomthe
mcellmtype.mA mright mshift mrepresentsmanmincreased mnumbermof mmaturemneutrophils,mwhichmismseenmwi
thmperniciousmanemiamand maftermtissuembreakdown.mThemconditionsminmthemremainingmoptionsm arem
not massociated mwithmthismfinding.
,QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mwithmamdiagnosismof mleukemia.m T
hemnursemnotesmthat mthemgranulocytemcount mismdecreased.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthemclient mism
at mriskmformwhichmcondition?
A.mAnemia
B.mInfection
C.mBleeding
D.mDehydration
Answer:
B.mInfection
Granulocytesmaremblood mcellsmthat mdestroymbacteria.mWhenmgranulocytesmaremdecreased mfro
mmnormal,mthemriskmof minfectionmincreases msignificantly.mAmdecreased mgranulocytemcount mi
smnot massociated mwithmanemia,mbleeding,mormdehydration.
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mseen minmthemhealthmcaremclinic.m The
mnursemnotesmthat mthemred mblood mcellm(RBC)mcount mismincreased.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthismfind
ingmmaymbemrelated mtomwhichmconditionmormtreatment?
A.mIronmdeficiency
B.mVitaminmdeficiency
C.mCorticosteroid mtherapy
D.mBonemmarrow mdepression
Answer:
C.mCorticosteroid mtherapy
Increased mRBCsmaremseenmwithmdecreased mcardiacmoutput,mimpaired mpulmonarymgasmexchange,mc
orticosteroid mtherapy,mpolycythemiamvera,mseveremdiarrhea,mand mdehydration.mThemconditionsminmt
hemremainingmoptionsmaremnot massociated mwithmanmincreased mRBCmcount.
QUESTION
Themnursem ismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mseenminmthemhealthmcaremclinicm
and mnotesmthat mthemred mblood mcellm(RBC)mcount mismdecreased.mThemnursemdeterminesmthat mthism
findingmoccursminmwhichmcondition?
, A.mDehydration
B.mIronmdeficiency
C.mSeveremdiarrhea
D.mPolycythemiamvera
Answer:
Decreased mRBCmcountsmoccurminmclientsmwithmvitaminmB6mand mB12mdeficiencies,mironmdeficiency,
mchronicminfection,mbonemmarrow mdepression,mmultiplemmyeloma,mleukemia,mhemolyticmanemia,ma
nd mperniciousmanemia.mAmdecreaseminmthemRBCmcount malsommaymbemnoted minmthemoldermclient.mIncr
eased mRBCmcountsmaremnoted minmclientsmwithmthemdisordersminmthemremainingmoptions.
QUESTION
Themnursempreceptormand mthemorienteemnotemthat mthemreticulocytemcount mformamclient mismincreased.m
Thempreceptormdeterminesmthat mthemorienteemunderstandsmthemsignificancemof mreticulocytesmif mthemo
rienteemmakesmwhichmstatement mwithmregard mtomred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)?
A.m"AmreticulocytemismammaturemRBC."
B.m"AmreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC."
C.m"Amreticulocytemismdecreased mwhenevermtheremismaccelerated mproductionmof mRBCs."
D.m"Amreticulocytemismincreased mwhenmthembonemmarrow mhasmslowed mproductionmof mRBCs."
Answer:
B.m"AmreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC."
ThemreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC.mThemreticulocytemcount mism increased manymtimemtheremismanm
accelerated mproductionmof mRBCs.mItmismdecreased mwhenmthembonemmarrow mhasmslowed mproductionm
of mRBCs.
QUESTION
Themambulatorymcaremnursemism reviewingman madult mclient'smlaboratorymtest mresultsmand mnotesmthat mt
hemhematocrit mlevelm ism60% m(0.60).m Them nursem recognizesmthat mthismlevelmis mmost mlikely mtombemfo
und minmclientsmwithmwhichmdiagnosis?
A.mLeukemia
B.mHemolyticmanemia
C.mPerniciousmanemia
D.mIronmdeficiencymanemia
m m m m m m m
uestions and Correct Detailed Answers with
m m m m m m
Rationales| Latest 2023/ 2024 m m m
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymblood mtest mresultsmformamclient mand mnotesmthat mthemhemoglo
binmSm(HgbmS)mvaluemismelevated.mThemnursemdeterminesmthat mthismlaboratorymfindingmis massociated
mwithmwhichmcondition?
A.mAplasticmanemia
B.mSicklemcellmanemia
C.mInfectiousmmononucleosis
D.mAcutemlymphocyticmleukemia
Answer:
B.mSicklemcellmanemia
Sicklemcellmanemiamismamseveremanemia mthat mpredominantlymaffectsmAfricanmAmericans.mIt mismchara
cterized mbymthempresencemof mHgbmS.mThemclient mmust mhavem2mabnormalmgenesmencodingmHgbmSmtom
havemsicklemcellmdisease.mAmclient mcould mhavemsicklemcell mtrait mbymcarryingm1mhemoglobinmA mgenem
and m1mHgbmSmgene.mHgbmSmismnot massociated mwithmaplasticmanemia,minfectiousmmononucleosis,morm
acutemlymphocyticmleukemia.
QUESTION
Amclient mismdonatingmblood mformamfamilymmembermwhomismhavingm surgery. mThe mnursemtellsmthemcli
ent mthat manmindirect mCoombs'mtest mwillmbemperformed monmthemblood.mThemclient masksmthemnursemab
out mthempurposemof mthemtest.mWhichmresponsemshould mthemnursemprovidemtomthemclient?
A.m"Themtest mdetectsmthempresencemof mhepatitismBmvirus."
B.m"Themtest mdetectsmthemamount mof mhemoglobinminmthemblood."
C.m"Themtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)."
D.m"Themtest mdetectsmthempresencemof mhumanmimmunodeficiencymvirusm(HIV)."
Answer:
C.m"Themtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)."
Themindirect mCoombs'mtest mdetectsmcirculatingmantibodiesmagainst mRBCs.mThismtest mismused minmaddi
tionmtomthemABO mtypingmthat mnormallymismdonemtomdeterminemblood mtype.mThemindirect mCoombs'
,test mdoesmnot mdetect mthempresencemof mhepatitismBmvirus,mamount mof mhemoglobinminmthemblood,mormth
empresencemof mHIV.
QUESTION
Amclient'smlaboratorymtest mresultsmrevealmanmincreased mtransferrinmlevelmand mamdecreased miron-
bindingmcapacity.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthesemlaboratorymresultsmaremcompatiblemwithmanemiam
becausemof mwhichmproblem?
A.mInfection
B.mMalnutrition
C.mIronmdeficiency
D.mSicklemcellmdisease
Answer:
C.mIronmdeficiency
Ironmdeficiencymanemiamusuallymismcharacterized mbymdecreased miron-
bindingmcapacitymand mincreased mtransferrinmsaturation.mInfectionmismnot massociated mwithmthesemlab
oratorymvalues.mMalnutritionmcanmcausemreductionsminmbothmiron-
bindingmcapacitymand mtransferrinmsaturation.mSicklemcellmanemiamismdiagnosed mbymdeterminingmthat
mthemclient mhasmhemoglobinmS.
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mand mnotesmthat mthemdifferentialmwh
itemblood mcellm(WBC)mcount mindicatesmamshift mtomthemright.mThemnursemsuspectsmthat mthemclient'smd
iagnosismismmost mlikelymtombemwhichmone?
A.mSepsis
B.mPneumonia
C.mPerniciousmanemia
D.mCoronarymarterymdisease
Answer:
C.mPerniciousmanemia
AmdifferentialmWBCmcount mismthemleukocytemcount mbrokenmdownm(differentiated)maccordingmtomthe
mcellmtype.mA mright mshift mrepresentsmanmincreased mnumbermof mmaturemneutrophils,mwhichmismseenmwi
thmperniciousmanemiamand maftermtissuembreakdown.mThemconditionsminmthemremainingmoptionsm arem
not massociated mwithmthismfinding.
,QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mwithmamdiagnosismof mleukemia.m T
hemnursemnotesmthat mthemgranulocytemcount mismdecreased.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthemclient mism
at mriskmformwhichmcondition?
A.mAnemia
B.mInfection
C.mBleeding
D.mDehydration
Answer:
B.mInfection
Granulocytesmaremblood mcellsmthat mdestroymbacteria.mWhenmgranulocytesmaremdecreased mfro
mmnormal,mthemriskmof minfectionmincreases msignificantly.mAmdecreased mgranulocytemcount mi
smnot massociated mwithmanemia,mbleeding,mormdehydration.
QUESTION
Themnursemismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mseen minmthemhealthmcaremclinic.m The
mnursemnotesmthat mthemred mblood mcellm(RBC)mcount mismincreased.mThemnurseminterpretsmthat mthismfind
ingmmaymbemrelated mtomwhichmconditionmormtreatment?
A.mIronmdeficiency
B.mVitaminmdeficiency
C.mCorticosteroid mtherapy
D.mBonemmarrow mdepression
Answer:
C.mCorticosteroid mtherapy
Increased mRBCsmaremseenmwithmdecreased mcardiacmoutput,mimpaired mpulmonarymgasmexchange,mc
orticosteroid mtherapy,mpolycythemiamvera,mseveremdiarrhea,mand mdehydration.mThemconditionsminmt
hemremainingmoptionsmaremnot massociated mwithmanmincreased mRBCmcount.
QUESTION
Themnursem ismreviewingmthemlaboratorymtest mresultsmformamclient mseenminmthemhealthmcaremclinicm
and mnotesmthat mthemred mblood mcellm(RBC)mcount mismdecreased.mThemnursemdeterminesmthat mthism
findingmoccursminmwhichmcondition?
, A.mDehydration
B.mIronmdeficiency
C.mSeveremdiarrhea
D.mPolycythemiamvera
Answer:
Decreased mRBCmcountsmoccurminmclientsmwithmvitaminmB6mand mB12mdeficiencies,mironmdeficiency,
mchronicminfection,mbonemmarrow mdepression,mmultiplemmyeloma,mleukemia,mhemolyticmanemia,ma
nd mperniciousmanemia.mAmdecreaseminmthemRBCmcount malsommaymbemnoted minmthemoldermclient.mIncr
eased mRBCmcountsmaremnoted minmclientsmwithmthemdisordersminmthemremainingmoptions.
QUESTION
Themnursempreceptormand mthemorienteemnotemthat mthemreticulocytemcount mformamclient mismincreased.m
Thempreceptormdeterminesmthat mthemorienteemunderstandsmthemsignificancemof mreticulocytesmif mthemo
rienteemmakesmwhichmstatement mwithmregard mtomred mblood mcellsm(RBCs)?
A.m"AmreticulocytemismammaturemRBC."
B.m"AmreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC."
C.m"Amreticulocytemismdecreased mwhenevermtheremismaccelerated mproductionmof mRBCs."
D.m"Amreticulocytemismincreased mwhenmthembonemmarrow mhasmslowed mproductionmof mRBCs."
Answer:
B.m"AmreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC."
ThemreticulocytemismanmimmaturemRBC.mThemreticulocytemcount mism increased manymtimemtheremismanm
accelerated mproductionmof mRBCs.mItmismdecreased mwhenmthembonemmarrow mhasmslowed mproductionm
of mRBCs.
QUESTION
Themambulatorymcaremnursemism reviewingman madult mclient'smlaboratorymtest mresultsmand mnotesmthat mt
hemhematocrit mlevelm ism60% m(0.60).m Them nursem recognizesmthat mthismlevelmis mmost mlikely mtombemfo
und minmclientsmwithmwhichmdiagnosis?
A.mLeukemia
B.mHemolyticmanemia
C.mPerniciousmanemia
D.mIronmdeficiencymanemia
