1|Page
NSG530 EXAM 3 (WILKES) NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
EXAM| ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 250 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+|| BRAND NEW!!
Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as
what?
a. Chronic
b. Psychogenic
c. Acute
d. Phantom - Correct Answer - C. Acute pain is a protective mechanism
that alerts the individual to a condition or experience that is immediately
harmful to the body. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective.
Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary
and is a strong m-receptor agonist?
a. Enkephalins
b. Endorphins
c. Dynorphins
d. Endomorphins - Correct Answer - B. The synthesis and activity of b-
endorphin is concentrated in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
and act as strong µ-receptor agonist. The remaining options do not fulfill
this objective.
Enkephalins and endorphins act to relieve pain by which process?
pg. 1
,2|Page
a. Inhibiting cells in the substantia gelatinosa
b. Stimulating the descending efferent nerve fibers
c. Attaching to opiate receptor sites
d. Blocking transduction of nociceptors - Correct Answer - C.
Enkephalins and endorphins are neurohormones that act as
neurotransmitters by binding to one or more G protein-coupled opioid
receptors and thus relieving pain. The other options are not accurate
descriptions of how enkephalins and endorphins relieve pain.
Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which
mechanism of heat loss?
a. Evaporation
b. Radiation
c.Convection
d. Conduction - Correct Answer - C. Only convection causes the transfer
of heat through currents of gases or liquids.
What is a long-term complication of rewarming as a treatment for
hypothermia?
a. Acidosis
b. Dysrhythmias
c. Shock
d. Renal failure - Correct Answer - D. Rewarming can result in long-
term complications that include congestive heart failure, hepatic and
renal failure, abnormal erythropoiesis, myocardial infarction,
pg. 2
,3|Page
pancreatitis, and neurologic dysfunctions. Short-term complications of
rewarming include acidosis, rewarming shock, and dysrhythmias.
Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration,
decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and
tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?
a. Heat cramps
b. Heat stroke
c. Malignant hyperthermia
d. Heat exhaustion - Correct Answer - D. Of the options presented, only
heat exhaustion, or collapse, is a result of prolonged high core or
environmental temperatures resulting in dehydration, decreased plasma
volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia.
A heat stroke is characterized by:
a. Core temperatures usually reaching approximately 39.9° C (103.9° F)
b. Sweat production on the face occurring even during dehydration
c. A rapidly decreasing core temperature as heat loss from the
evaporation of sweat ceases
d. Symptoms caused by the loss of sodium and prolonged sweating -
Correct Answer - B. When the core temperature reaches or exceeds
40.5° C (104.9° F), the brain may be preferentially cooled by maximal
blood flow through the veins of the head and face, specifically the
forehead. Sweat production on the face is maintained even during
dehydration. The remaining options do not occur during heat stroke.
pg. 3
, 4|Page
In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from
the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
a. Hypotension
b. Peripheral vasoconstriction
c. Voluntary muscle movements
d. Shivering - Correct Answer - B. Tissue hypothermia slows the rate of
chemical reactions (tissue metabolism), increases the viscosity of the
blood, slows blood flow through microcirculation, facilitates blood
coagulation, and stimulates profound vasoconstriction. The remaining
options do not fulfill this objective.
The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?
a. Leukotrienes
b. Prostaglandins
c. Bradykinin
d. C-reactive protein - Correct Answer - B. Primary dysmenorrhea is
painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles. This option is the only answer that accurately identifies
the chemical mediator associated with dysmenorrhea.
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the
passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which
diagnosis?
a. Premenstrual syndrome
b. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
pg. 4
NSG530 EXAM 3 (WILKES) NEWEST 2025 COMPLETE
EXAM| ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 250 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+|| BRAND NEW!!
Pain that warns of actual or impending tissue injury is referred to as
what?
a. Chronic
b. Psychogenic
c. Acute
d. Phantom - Correct Answer - C. Acute pain is a protective mechanism
that alerts the individual to a condition or experience that is immediately
harmful to the body. The remaining options do not fulfill this objective.
Which endogenous opioid is located in the hypothalamus and pituitary
and is a strong m-receptor agonist?
a. Enkephalins
b. Endorphins
c. Dynorphins
d. Endomorphins - Correct Answer - B. The synthesis and activity of b-
endorphin is concentrated in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
and act as strong µ-receptor agonist. The remaining options do not fulfill
this objective.
Enkephalins and endorphins act to relieve pain by which process?
pg. 1
,2|Page
a. Inhibiting cells in the substantia gelatinosa
b. Stimulating the descending efferent nerve fibers
c. Attaching to opiate receptor sites
d. Blocking transduction of nociceptors - Correct Answer - C.
Enkephalins and endorphins are neurohormones that act as
neurotransmitters by binding to one or more G protein-coupled opioid
receptors and thus relieving pain. The other options are not accurate
descriptions of how enkephalins and endorphins relieve pain.
Using a fan to reduce body temperature is an example of which
mechanism of heat loss?
a. Evaporation
b. Radiation
c.Convection
d. Conduction - Correct Answer - C. Only convection causes the transfer
of heat through currents of gases or liquids.
What is a long-term complication of rewarming as a treatment for
hypothermia?
a. Acidosis
b. Dysrhythmias
c. Shock
d. Renal failure - Correct Answer - D. Rewarming can result in long-
term complications that include congestive heart failure, hepatic and
renal failure, abnormal erythropoiesis, myocardial infarction,
pg. 2
,3|Page
pancreatitis, and neurologic dysfunctions. Short-term complications of
rewarming include acidosis, rewarming shock, and dysrhythmias.
Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration,
decreased plasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and
tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation?
a. Heat cramps
b. Heat stroke
c. Malignant hyperthermia
d. Heat exhaustion - Correct Answer - D. Of the options presented, only
heat exhaustion, or collapse, is a result of prolonged high core or
environmental temperatures resulting in dehydration, decreased plasma
volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia.
A heat stroke is characterized by:
a. Core temperatures usually reaching approximately 39.9° C (103.9° F)
b. Sweat production on the face occurring even during dehydration
c. A rapidly decreasing core temperature as heat loss from the
evaporation of sweat ceases
d. Symptoms caused by the loss of sodium and prolonged sweating -
Correct Answer - B. When the core temperature reaches or exceeds
40.5° C (104.9° F), the brain may be preferentially cooled by maximal
blood flow through the veins of the head and face, specifically the
forehead. Sweat production on the face is maintained even during
dehydration. The remaining options do not occur during heat stroke.
pg. 3
, 4|Page
In acute hypothermia, what physiologic change shunts blood away from
the colder skin to the body core in an effort to decrease heat loss?
a. Hypotension
b. Peripheral vasoconstriction
c. Voluntary muscle movements
d. Shivering - Correct Answer - B. Tissue hypothermia slows the rate of
chemical reactions (tissue metabolism), increases the viscosity of the
blood, slows blood flow through microcirculation, facilitates blood
coagulation, and stimulates profound vasoconstriction. The remaining
options do not fulfill this objective.
The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?
a. Leukotrienes
b. Prostaglandins
c. Bradykinin
d. C-reactive protein - Correct Answer - B. Primary dysmenorrhea is
painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in
ovulatory cycles. This option is the only answer that accurately identifies
the chemical mediator associated with dysmenorrhea.
Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the
passage of large clots, and the depletion of iron stores support which
diagnosis?
a. Premenstrual syndrome
b. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
pg. 4
