Nanomedicine Exam 3 2025
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
NPs can enhance the therapeutic effects of certain drugs by - ✔✔-increasing circulation
time
-increasing stability/compatibility
-promoting cellular internalization
-targeted delivery
NPs can enhance medical diagnosis by - ✔✔-improving detection limit of target
molecules or cells
-reduce the amt of sample needed
-faster
-less invasive methods
How can nanomedicine improve surgery? - ✔✔1) direct
-hemostatic NPs promote healing
-nanocoating surgical blades
2) indirect
-prevent post-surgical complications
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,Hemostatic agents - ✔✔substances to help prevent/stop bleeding
blunt trauma - ✔✔any kind of physical trauma that occurs by impact, injury or violence
blast trauma - ✔✔any kind of physical trauma that occurs from a direct or indirect
exposure to an explosion
blunt/blast trauma cause internal bleeding; why is this so bad - ✔✔-blood loss after
traumatic injury leading cause of death
-can bleed out quickly
-early intervention to halt bleeding can help patient get to hospital
Hemostatic NPs name & structure - ✔✔GRGDS-NPs
structure:
-core: polymer PLGA attached to poly-e-lysine= (PLGA-PLL)
-tails: PEG
-on end of tails: peptide sequence RGB
-size abt 400nm
2 common ways to prepare PLGAs - ✔✔1) single emulsion: PLGA & hydrophobic drug
in nonpolar organic solvent added to aqueous stabilizer solution
2)double emulsion: PLGA solution added to aqueous hydrophilic drug solution subject
to heat and after first emulsion it is poured in aqueous stabilizer solution as second
emulsion
Blast trauma animal model - ✔✔1) induce injury ((1)apply weight over certain distance
or (2) preform laparotomy)
2) animal die
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, 3) NP (GRGDS-NPs) administered to animals
How do the hemostatic NPs work (GRGS-NPs) - ✔✔enhance the aggregation of
platelets to stop bleeding
-GRGDS-NPs (hemostatic NPs) promote platelet aggregation by binding to the
glycoprotein 2b/3a receptors on the surface of platelets to stabilize the whole clot
How does clotting work - ✔✔-clotting is the process by which blood changes from a
liquid to a gel
-platelets: special type of blood cell that clumps after blood vessel injury; activation
results in release of prothrombotic molecules
-platelet aggregation: also trigger the coagulation cascade and formation of thrombin
-fibrinogen: fibrous protein
after cut/injury the glycoprotein will bind to collagen, glycoprotein recognizes the
exposed von Willebrand factor which activates platelets, platelets change from spherical
to dendritic shape, activation of platelets trigger formation of clot (introduction of
fibrinogen), platelets interact with glycoprotein receptors and attach to fibrinogen to
tangle up with glycoproteins to form the clot
what happened to the rats treated with GRGS-NPs - ✔✔they had a clear increase in
survival compares to saline injury control
purpose of nanocoated surgical blades - ✔✔-performance of surgical blades greatly
enhances when coating in diamond or nanostructures
-allow cutting edge diameter in 5nm-1um region
-diamond has a low friction coefficient so less force required
-decrease inflammation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
NPs can enhance the therapeutic effects of certain drugs by - ✔✔-increasing circulation
time
-increasing stability/compatibility
-promoting cellular internalization
-targeted delivery
NPs can enhance medical diagnosis by - ✔✔-improving detection limit of target
molecules or cells
-reduce the amt of sample needed
-faster
-less invasive methods
How can nanomedicine improve surgery? - ✔✔1) direct
-hemostatic NPs promote healing
-nanocoating surgical blades
2) indirect
-prevent post-surgical complications
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Hemostatic agents - ✔✔substances to help prevent/stop bleeding
blunt trauma - ✔✔any kind of physical trauma that occurs by impact, injury or violence
blast trauma - ✔✔any kind of physical trauma that occurs from a direct or indirect
exposure to an explosion
blunt/blast trauma cause internal bleeding; why is this so bad - ✔✔-blood loss after
traumatic injury leading cause of death
-can bleed out quickly
-early intervention to halt bleeding can help patient get to hospital
Hemostatic NPs name & structure - ✔✔GRGDS-NPs
structure:
-core: polymer PLGA attached to poly-e-lysine= (PLGA-PLL)
-tails: PEG
-on end of tails: peptide sequence RGB
-size abt 400nm
2 common ways to prepare PLGAs - ✔✔1) single emulsion: PLGA & hydrophobic drug
in nonpolar organic solvent added to aqueous stabilizer solution
2)double emulsion: PLGA solution added to aqueous hydrophilic drug solution subject
to heat and after first emulsion it is poured in aqueous stabilizer solution as second
emulsion
Blast trauma animal model - ✔✔1) induce injury ((1)apply weight over certain distance
or (2) preform laparotomy)
2) animal die
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, 3) NP (GRGDS-NPs) administered to animals
How do the hemostatic NPs work (GRGS-NPs) - ✔✔enhance the aggregation of
platelets to stop bleeding
-GRGDS-NPs (hemostatic NPs) promote platelet aggregation by binding to the
glycoprotein 2b/3a receptors on the surface of platelets to stabilize the whole clot
How does clotting work - ✔✔-clotting is the process by which blood changes from a
liquid to a gel
-platelets: special type of blood cell that clumps after blood vessel injury; activation
results in release of prothrombotic molecules
-platelet aggregation: also trigger the coagulation cascade and formation of thrombin
-fibrinogen: fibrous protein
after cut/injury the glycoprotein will bind to collagen, glycoprotein recognizes the
exposed von Willebrand factor which activates platelets, platelets change from spherical
to dendritic shape, activation of platelets trigger formation of clot (introduction of
fibrinogen), platelets interact with glycoprotein receptors and attach to fibrinogen to
tangle up with glycoproteins to form the clot
what happened to the rats treated with GRGS-NPs - ✔✔they had a clear increase in
survival compares to saline injury control
purpose of nanocoated surgical blades - ✔✔-performance of surgical blades greatly
enhances when coating in diamond or nanostructures
-allow cutting edge diameter in 5nm-1um region
-diamond has a low friction coefficient so less force required
-decrease inflammation
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
