NUR 631 FINAL EXAM, PRACTICE EXAM AND STUDY GUIDE NEWEST 2024 ACTUA
b b b b b b b b b b b
L EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWER
b b b b b b b b b
S) WITH EXPLNATIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+
b b b b
WhichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbbestbdescribesbRaynaudbdisease?
a. Anbinflammatorybdisorderbofbsmallbandbmedium-sizebarteriesbinbthebfeetbandbsometimesbinbthebhands
b. Abneoplasticbdisorderbofbthebliningbofbthebarteriesbandbveinsbofbthebupperbextremities
c. Abvasospasticbdisorderbofbthebsmallbarteriesbandbarteriolesbofbthebfingers,bandblessbcommonly,bthebtoes
d. Anbautoimmunebdisorderbofbtheblargebarteriesbandbveinsbofbthebupperbandblowerbextremitiesb-banswer-
c.bAbvasospasticbdisorderbofbthebsmallbarteriesbandbarteriolesbofbthebfingers,bandblessbcommonly,bthebtoes
Abpatientbisbdiagnosedbwithbpulmonarybdiseasebandbelevatedbpulmonarybvascularbresistance.bWhichbofbt
hebfollowingbheartbfailuresbmaybresultbfrombthisbcondition?
a. Rightbheartbfailure
b. Leftbheartbfailure
c. Low-outputbfailure
d. High-outputbfailureb-banswer-a.bRightbheartbfailure
Exp:bRightbheartbfailurebisbdefinedbasbthebinabilitybofbthebrightbventriclebtobprovidebadequatebbloodbflowbi
ntobthebpulmonarybcirculationbatbabnormalbcentralbvenousbpressure.bItbmostboftenbresultsbfrombthebleftbh
eartbfailurebwhenbthebincreasebinbleftbventricularbfillingbpressurebthatbisbreflectedbbackbintobthebpulmonar
ybcirculationbisbseverebenough.bAsbpressurebinbthebpulmonarybcirculationbrises,bthebresistancebtobrightbven
tricularbemptyingbincreases.
Whatbphysicalbsignbisbthebresultbofbturbulentbbloodbflowbthroughbabvessel?
a. Increasedbbloodbpressurebduringbperiodsbofbstress
b. Boundingbpulsebfeltbonbpalpation
c. Cyanosisbobservedbonbexcretion
d. Murmurbheardbonbauscultationb-banswer-d.bMurmurbheardbonbauscultation
Exp:bWherebflowbisbobstructedbthebvesselbturnsborbbloodbflowsboverbroughbsurfaces.bThebflowbbecomesbt
urbulentbwithbwhorlsborbeddybcurrentsbthatbproducebnoisebcausingbabmurmurbtobbebheardbonbauscultatio
nbsuchbasboccursbduringbbloodbpressurebmeasurementbwithbabsphygomanometer.bThisbselectionbisbthebon
lyboptionbthatbaccuratelybidentifiesbthebphysicalbsignbofbturbulentbvascularbbloodbflow.bpgb1113
,Whichbcongenitalbheartbdefectsboccurbinbtrisomyb13,btrisomyb18bandbdownbsyndrome?
a. Coarctationbofbthebaortabandbpulmonarybstenosis
b. TetralogybofbFallotbandbpersistentbtruncusbarteriosus
c. Atrialbseptalbdefectbandbdextrocardia
d. Ventricularbseptalbdefectbandbpatentbductusbarteriosusb-banswer-
d.bVentricularbseptalbdefectbandbpatentbductusbarteriosus
Exp:bCongenitalbheartbdefectsbthatbarebrelatedbtobdysfunctionbofbtrisomyb13,btrisomyb18bandbdownbsyndr
omebincludebVSDbandbPDAbseebTableb33-
2bThebotherbdefectsbarebnotbassociatedbwithbdysfunctionbofbtrisomyb13borb17bandbdownbsyndrome.bpgb12
00
Anbinfantbhasbabcontinuousbmachine/typebmurmurbbestbheardbatbthebleftbupperbsternalbborderbthrougho
utbsystolebandbdiastolebasbwellbasbabboundingbpulsebandbabthrillbonbpalpation.bThesebclinicalbfindingsbarebc
onsistentbwithbwhichbcongenitalbheartbdefect?
a. Atrialbseptalbdefect
b. Ventricularbseptalbdefect
c. Patentbductusbarteriosus
d. Atrioventricularbcanalbdefectb-banswer-c.bPatentbductusbarteriosus
Exp:bIfbpulmonarybvascularbresistancebhasbfallenbthenbinfantsbwithbwillbcharacteristicallybhavebabcontinuo
usbmachine/typebmurmurbbestbheardbatbthebleftbupperbsternalbborderbthroughoutbsystolebandbdiastole.bI
fbthebPDAbisbsignificantbthenbthebinfantbalsobwillbhavebboundingbpulsesbanbactivebprecordium,babthrillbonbp
alpationbandbsignsbandbsymptomsbofbpulmonaryboverbcirculation.bThebpresentationsbofbthebotherbcongen
italbheartbdefectsbarebnotbconsistentbwithbthebdescribedbthebsymptomsbpagesb1203-1204
WhichbcompensatorybmechanismbisbspontaneouslybusedbbybchildrenbdiagnosedbwithbtetralogybofbFallotbtobreli
evebhypoxicbspells?
a. Lyingbonbtheirbleftbside
b. Performingbthebvalsalvabmaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingb-banswer-c.bSquatting
Exp:bsquattingbisbabspontaneousbcompensatorybmechanismbusedbbybolderbchildrenbtoballeviatebhypoxicbsp
ells.bSquattingbandbitsbvariantsbincreasebsystemicbresistancebwhilebdecreasingbvenousbreturnbtobthebheartb
frombthebinferiorbvenabcava.bThebotherboptionsbwouldbnotbresultbinbthesebchanges.bpgb1209
,Anbinfantbdiagnosedbwithbabsmallbpatentbductusbarteriosusbwouldblikelybexhibitbwhichbsymptom?
a. Intermittentbmurmur
b. Lackbofbsymptoms
c. Needbforbsurgicalbrepair
d. Triadbofbcongenitalbdefectsb-banswer-b.bLackbofbsymptoms
Exp:bInfantsbwithbabsmallbPDAbusuallybremainbasymptomatic.bpageb1203-1204
Fluidbinbthebpleuralbspacebcharacterizesbwhichbcondition?
a. Pleuralbeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiab-banswer-a.bPleuralbEffusion
Exp:bPleuralbeffusionbisbthebpresencebofbfluidbinbthebpleuralbspace.bpage1254
Whichbmedicationbclassificationbisbgenerallybincludedbinbthebtreatmentbofbsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsb-banswer-a.bCorticosteroids
Exp:bNobspecificbtreatmentbexistsbforbsilicosis,balthoughbcorticosteroidsbmaybproducebsomebimprovementb
inbthebearly,bmorebacutebstages.bpageb1259
Thebriskbforbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bdecreasesbforbprematurebinfantsbwhenbtheybarebbornbb
etweenbhowbmanybweeksbofbgestation?
a. 16bandb24
b. 20bandb24
c. 24bandb30
d. 30bandb36b-banswer-d.b30bandb36
Exp:bSurfactantbisbsecretedbintobfetalbairwaysbbetweenb30bandb36bweeks.bThebotherboptionsbarebnotbtruebregar
dingbthebtimeframebwhenbthebriskbforbRDSbdecreases.bpageb1292
, Whatbisbthebchiefbpredisposingbfactorbforbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Lowbbirthbweight
b. Alcoholbconsumptionbduringbpregnanc
c. Prematurebbirth
d. Smokingbduringbpregnancyb-banswer-a.bPrematurebbirth
Exp:bRDSbofbthebnewborn,balsobknownbasbhyalinebmembranebdiseaseb(HMD),bisbabmajorbcausebofbmorbidity
bandbmortalitybinbprematurebnewborns.bpageb1301
Whatbisbthebprimarybcausebofbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Immaturebimmunebsystem
b. Smallbalveoli
c. Surfactantbdeficiency
d. Anemiab-banswer-c.bSurfactantbdeficiency
Exp:bRDSbisbprimarilybcausedbbybsurfactantbdeficiencybandbsecondarilybbybabdeficiencybinbalveolarbsurfaceb
areabforbgasbexchange.bpageb1301
Whatbisbthebprimarybproblembresultingbfrombrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarybedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolarbpluggingb-banswer-c.bAtelectasis
Exp:bThebprimarybproblembisbatelectasis,bwhichbcausesbsignificantbhypoxemiabandbisbdifficultbforbthebneon
atebtobovercomebbecausebabsignificantbnegativebinspiratorybpressurebisbrequiredbtobopenbthebalveolibwithb
eachbbreath.bNonebofbthebotherboptionsbarebconsideredbabprimarybproblembassociatedbwithbRDS.bpageb13
01
Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbcysticbfibrosis?
a. Obstructivebairwaybdiseasebcharacterizedbbybreversiblebairflowbobstruction,bbronchialbhyperreactivity,
andbinflammation
b
b b b b b b b b b b b
L EXAM 350 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWER
b b b b b b b b b
S) WITH EXPLNATIONS|ALREADY GRADED A+
b b b b
WhichbofbthebfollowingbstatementsbbestbdescribesbRaynaudbdisease?
a. Anbinflammatorybdisorderbofbsmallbandbmedium-sizebarteriesbinbthebfeetbandbsometimesbinbthebhands
b. Abneoplasticbdisorderbofbthebliningbofbthebarteriesbandbveinsbofbthebupperbextremities
c. Abvasospasticbdisorderbofbthebsmallbarteriesbandbarteriolesbofbthebfingers,bandblessbcommonly,bthebtoes
d. Anbautoimmunebdisorderbofbtheblargebarteriesbandbveinsbofbthebupperbandblowerbextremitiesb-banswer-
c.bAbvasospasticbdisorderbofbthebsmallbarteriesbandbarteriolesbofbthebfingers,bandblessbcommonly,bthebtoes
Abpatientbisbdiagnosedbwithbpulmonarybdiseasebandbelevatedbpulmonarybvascularbresistance.bWhichbofbt
hebfollowingbheartbfailuresbmaybresultbfrombthisbcondition?
a. Rightbheartbfailure
b. Leftbheartbfailure
c. Low-outputbfailure
d. High-outputbfailureb-banswer-a.bRightbheartbfailure
Exp:bRightbheartbfailurebisbdefinedbasbthebinabilitybofbthebrightbventriclebtobprovidebadequatebbloodbflowbi
ntobthebpulmonarybcirculationbatbabnormalbcentralbvenousbpressure.bItbmostboftenbresultsbfrombthebleftbh
eartbfailurebwhenbthebincreasebinbleftbventricularbfillingbpressurebthatbisbreflectedbbackbintobthebpulmonar
ybcirculationbisbseverebenough.bAsbpressurebinbthebpulmonarybcirculationbrises,bthebresistancebtobrightbven
tricularbemptyingbincreases.
Whatbphysicalbsignbisbthebresultbofbturbulentbbloodbflowbthroughbabvessel?
a. Increasedbbloodbpressurebduringbperiodsbofbstress
b. Boundingbpulsebfeltbonbpalpation
c. Cyanosisbobservedbonbexcretion
d. Murmurbheardbonbauscultationb-banswer-d.bMurmurbheardbonbauscultation
Exp:bWherebflowbisbobstructedbthebvesselbturnsborbbloodbflowsboverbroughbsurfaces.bThebflowbbecomesbt
urbulentbwithbwhorlsborbeddybcurrentsbthatbproducebnoisebcausingbabmurmurbtobbebheardbonbauscultatio
nbsuchbasboccursbduringbbloodbpressurebmeasurementbwithbabsphygomanometer.bThisbselectionbisbthebon
lyboptionbthatbaccuratelybidentifiesbthebphysicalbsignbofbturbulentbvascularbbloodbflow.bpgb1113
,Whichbcongenitalbheartbdefectsboccurbinbtrisomyb13,btrisomyb18bandbdownbsyndrome?
a. Coarctationbofbthebaortabandbpulmonarybstenosis
b. TetralogybofbFallotbandbpersistentbtruncusbarteriosus
c. Atrialbseptalbdefectbandbdextrocardia
d. Ventricularbseptalbdefectbandbpatentbductusbarteriosusb-banswer-
d.bVentricularbseptalbdefectbandbpatentbductusbarteriosus
Exp:bCongenitalbheartbdefectsbthatbarebrelatedbtobdysfunctionbofbtrisomyb13,btrisomyb18bandbdownbsyndr
omebincludebVSDbandbPDAbseebTableb33-
2bThebotherbdefectsbarebnotbassociatedbwithbdysfunctionbofbtrisomyb13borb17bandbdownbsyndrome.bpgb12
00
Anbinfantbhasbabcontinuousbmachine/typebmurmurbbestbheardbatbthebleftbupperbsternalbborderbthrougho
utbsystolebandbdiastolebasbwellbasbabboundingbpulsebandbabthrillbonbpalpation.bThesebclinicalbfindingsbarebc
onsistentbwithbwhichbcongenitalbheartbdefect?
a. Atrialbseptalbdefect
b. Ventricularbseptalbdefect
c. Patentbductusbarteriosus
d. Atrioventricularbcanalbdefectb-banswer-c.bPatentbductusbarteriosus
Exp:bIfbpulmonarybvascularbresistancebhasbfallenbthenbinfantsbwithbwillbcharacteristicallybhavebabcontinuo
usbmachine/typebmurmurbbestbheardbatbthebleftbupperbsternalbborderbthroughoutbsystolebandbdiastole.bI
fbthebPDAbisbsignificantbthenbthebinfantbalsobwillbhavebboundingbpulsesbanbactivebprecordium,babthrillbonbp
alpationbandbsignsbandbsymptomsbofbpulmonaryboverbcirculation.bThebpresentationsbofbthebotherbcongen
italbheartbdefectsbarebnotbconsistentbwithbthebdescribedbthebsymptomsbpagesb1203-1204
WhichbcompensatorybmechanismbisbspontaneouslybusedbbybchildrenbdiagnosedbwithbtetralogybofbFallotbtobreli
evebhypoxicbspells?
a. Lyingbonbtheirbleftbside
b. Performingbthebvalsalvabmaneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilatingb-banswer-c.bSquatting
Exp:bsquattingbisbabspontaneousbcompensatorybmechanismbusedbbybolderbchildrenbtoballeviatebhypoxicbsp
ells.bSquattingbandbitsbvariantsbincreasebsystemicbresistancebwhilebdecreasingbvenousbreturnbtobthebheartb
frombthebinferiorbvenabcava.bThebotherboptionsbwouldbnotbresultbinbthesebchanges.bpgb1209
,Anbinfantbdiagnosedbwithbabsmallbpatentbductusbarteriosusbwouldblikelybexhibitbwhichbsymptom?
a. Intermittentbmurmur
b. Lackbofbsymptoms
c. Needbforbsurgicalbrepair
d. Triadbofbcongenitalbdefectsb-banswer-b.bLackbofbsymptoms
Exp:bInfantsbwithbabsmallbPDAbusuallybremainbasymptomatic.bpageb1203-1204
Fluidbinbthebpleuralbspacebcharacterizesbwhichbcondition?
a. Pleuralbeffusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemiab-banswer-a.bPleuralbEffusion
Exp:bPleuralbeffusionbisbthebpresencebofbfluidbinbthebpleuralbspace.bpage1254
Whichbmedicationbclassificationbisbgenerallybincludedbinbthebtreatmentbofbsilicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorantsb-banswer-a.bCorticosteroids
Exp:bNobspecificbtreatmentbexistsbforbsilicosis,balthoughbcorticosteroidsbmaybproducebsomebimprovementb
inbthebearly,bmorebacutebstages.bpageb1259
Thebriskbforbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bdecreasesbforbprematurebinfantsbwhenbtheybarebbornbb
etweenbhowbmanybweeksbofbgestation?
a. 16bandb24
b. 20bandb24
c. 24bandb30
d. 30bandb36b-banswer-d.b30bandb36
Exp:bSurfactantbisbsecretedbintobfetalbairwaysbbetweenb30bandb36bweeks.bThebotherboptionsbarebnotbtruebregar
dingbthebtimeframebwhenbthebriskbforbRDSbdecreases.bpageb1292
, Whatbisbthebchiefbpredisposingbfactorbforbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Lowbbirthbweight
b. Alcoholbconsumptionbduringbpregnanc
c. Prematurebbirth
d. Smokingbduringbpregnancyb-banswer-a.bPrematurebbirth
Exp:bRDSbofbthebnewborn,balsobknownbasbhyalinebmembranebdiseaseb(HMD),bisbabmajorbcausebofbmorbidity
bandbmortalitybinbprematurebnewborns.bpageb1301
Whatbisbthebprimarybcausebofbrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Immaturebimmunebsystem
b. Smallbalveoli
c. Surfactantbdeficiency
d. Anemiab-banswer-c.bSurfactantbdeficiency
Exp:bRDSbisbprimarilybcausedbbybsurfactantbdeficiencybandbsecondarilybbybabdeficiencybinbalveolarbsurfaceb
areabforbgasbexchange.bpageb1301
Whatbisbthebprimarybproblembresultingbfrombrespiratorybdistressbsyndromeb(RDS)bofbthebnewborn?
a. Consolidation
b. Pulmonarybedema
c. Atelectasis
d. Bronchiolarbpluggingb-banswer-c.bAtelectasis
Exp:bThebprimarybproblembisbatelectasis,bwhichbcausesbsignificantbhypoxemiabandbisbdifficultbforbthebneon
atebtobovercomebbecausebabsignificantbnegativebinspiratorybpressurebisbrequiredbtobopenbthebalveolibwithb
eachbbreath.bNonebofbthebotherboptionsbarebconsideredbabprimarybproblembassociatedbwithbRDS.bpageb13
01
Whichbstatementbbestbdescribesbcysticbfibrosis?
a. Obstructivebairwaybdiseasebcharacterizedbbybreversiblebairflowbobstruction,bbronchialbhyperreactivity,
andbinflammation
b
