ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+.pdf

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2 NEWES m m m m



T 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 260 QUESTIONS AND CORRE
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CT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH m m m



RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY G m m m m



RADED A+ m




Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leuke
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mia (ALL)? m



a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of
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greater than 30%lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
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b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characte
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rize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the immatur
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e blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, me
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gakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. m m



c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
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immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
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create an abnormal,fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. -
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...ANSWER...a

RATIONALE: ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by th
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e presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marr
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ow or blood. None of the other options provide an accurate de
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scription of ALL. m m




Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous leu
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kemia (CML)? m

,a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-
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suppressor gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-
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cycle regulatory protein.
m m



b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characte m m m m m m m



rize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the immatur
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e blasts increase, they replace normal myelocyticcells, meg
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akaryocytes, and erythrocytes. m m



c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
m m m m m m m m m m



immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
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creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1.
m m m m m m



- ...ANSWER...ANS: D
m m




RATIONALE: The Philadelphia chromosome is present in m m m m m m m



more than 95% of those with CML, and the presence of the
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BCR-
ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of CML. The ot
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her options do not accurately describe CML.
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Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic
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leukemia (CLL)? m


a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-
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suppressor gene, and INK4A, thegene encoding a cell-
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cycle regulatory protein.
m m



b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells charact m m m m m m m



erize the bone marrow andperipheral blood. As the immatu
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re blasts increase, they replace normal myelocyticcells, m
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egakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. m m



c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize
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immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22
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creates an abnormal,fused protein identified as BCR-ABL. -
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...ANSWER...c

,RATIONALE: CLL is derived from transformation of a part m m m m m m m m



ially mature B cell that has not yet encountered antigen. The o
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ther options do not accurately describe CLL.
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Which term is used to describe a red-
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purple discoloration caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the sk
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in tissue?
m



a. Petechiae
b. Hematoma
c. Ecchymosis
d. Purpura - ...ANSWER...ANS: D m m m




RATIONALE: Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is v m m m m m m m m



isible through the skin causes a red-
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purple discoloration identified as a purpura. None of the other
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moptions are used to identify this symptom.
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Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) condition in adults a
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nd a(n) condition in children.
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a. Acute; acute m



b. Chronic; chronic m



c. Acute; chronic m



d. Chronic; acute - ...ANSWER...ANS: D m m m m




RATIONALE: ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute form m m m m m m m m m



is frequently observed in children. Chronic ITP is more com
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monly observed in adults, with the highest prevalence in wo
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men between 20 and 40 years of age.
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Which statement relates to immune thrombocytopenic purpur
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a (ITP)?
m

, a. ITP is formed in conditions of low flow and is made up of
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mostly red cells withlarger amounts of fibrin and few platelet
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s.
b. An alteration of multipotent stem cells, resulting in an
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excess production ofplatelets, causes ITP.
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c. Mononuclear phagocytes in the spleen remove antibody- m m m m m m



coated platelets from circulation.
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d. Arterial clots are made up of mostly platelet aggregates
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held together by fibrin strands. - ...ANSWER...ANS: C
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RATIONALE:ITP involves the antigen usually forming im m m m m m m



mune complexes with circulating antibodies, and it is thought
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mthat the immune complexes bind to Fc receptors on platelets,
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leading to their destruction in the spleen. None of the other op
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tions are accurately related to ITP.
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When the demand for mature neutrophils exceeds the supply
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, immature neutrophils are released indicating:
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a. A shift to the right
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b. A shift to the left
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c. Leukocytosis
d. Leukemia - ...ANSWER...ANS: B m m m




RATIONALE: When the demand for circulating mature ne m m m m m m m



utrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to release im
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mature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the blood. Pre
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mature release of the immature white cells is responsible for t
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he phenomenon known as a shift to the left or leukemoid rea
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ction. None of the remaining options would be used to identif
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y the process described.
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