BSC 170 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Already Passed Rated 100%
Basic type of experiment that mendel used - Answers Peas
- True breeding strains
-controlled matings
-grows to maturity in one season
- observable with 2 distinct forms
-*recognized for transmission of hereditary traits*
Dominance/Recessiveness - Answers In a pair of unit factors, one unit is dominant, the other recessive
Segregation - Answers Paired unit factors segregate (separate) independently during gamete formation
Genotype - Answers -*Genetic Makeup of individual*
- Alleles written in pairs (DD, Dd, or dd)
-Organism inherits two alleles
-One from each parent
Phenotype - Answers Physical expression of a trait - how it looks
Monohybrid - Answers Reveals How One Trait Is Transmitted from
Generation to Generation
-crosses looking at one single trait across two generations
True-breeding
F1 - Answers offspring
F2 - Answers Offspring of F1 generation crossed (self-fertilizing: "Selfing")
test cross - Answers One Character
-Determines if individual displaying dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait
-Cross between dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive
Homozygous - Answers Both alleles are the same (DD, dd)
Heterozygous - Answers - Alleles are different (Dd)
, gene - Answers unit of inheritance
allele - Answers alternative form of a single gene
test cross results - Answers DD x dd = Dd (all tall)
Dd x dd = 1/2 Dd tall 1/2 dd dwarf
dihybrid cross - Answers Two pairs of contrasting traits
-Generates unique F2 generation
- 4th different types of peas
chromosome structure - Answers - The ends of chromosomes are called telomeres: Play a role in aging
-Chromosome has a specialized area called a centromere where the chromosome looks cinched
-Centromere can be located at different positions
oUsed along with size to identify homologous chromosomes
centromere - Answers o Centromere can be located at different positions
o Used along with size to identify homologous chromosomes
Morgans work and how it showed genes were located on chromosomes - Answers - chromosomes are
inherited from each parent, and each chromosome contains multiple genes
- The linked traits that Morgan saw have genes that are present on the same chromosome
Why did Morgan observe his rare offspring that had 1 trait like each parent? - Answers - Recombination
occurs where homologous chromosomes exchange pieces
- Likely of this happening depends on how far apart the genes are on a chromosome
- Greater distance makes it more likely
What type of cells are produced by meiosis - Answers Gametes
Diploid - Answers -the genetic condition of having pairs of homologous chromosomes
◦ Most cells are diploid
◦ Abbreviated 2n where n stands for the number of homologous pairs
◦ In humans n=23
haploid - Answers -*the genetic condition of having only one copy of each chromosome*
Basic type of experiment that mendel used - Answers Peas
- True breeding strains
-controlled matings
-grows to maturity in one season
- observable with 2 distinct forms
-*recognized for transmission of hereditary traits*
Dominance/Recessiveness - Answers In a pair of unit factors, one unit is dominant, the other recessive
Segregation - Answers Paired unit factors segregate (separate) independently during gamete formation
Genotype - Answers -*Genetic Makeup of individual*
- Alleles written in pairs (DD, Dd, or dd)
-Organism inherits two alleles
-One from each parent
Phenotype - Answers Physical expression of a trait - how it looks
Monohybrid - Answers Reveals How One Trait Is Transmitted from
Generation to Generation
-crosses looking at one single trait across two generations
True-breeding
F1 - Answers offspring
F2 - Answers Offspring of F1 generation crossed (self-fertilizing: "Selfing")
test cross - Answers One Character
-Determines if individual displaying dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous for that trait
-Cross between dominant phenotype and homozygous recessive
Homozygous - Answers Both alleles are the same (DD, dd)
Heterozygous - Answers - Alleles are different (Dd)
, gene - Answers unit of inheritance
allele - Answers alternative form of a single gene
test cross results - Answers DD x dd = Dd (all tall)
Dd x dd = 1/2 Dd tall 1/2 dd dwarf
dihybrid cross - Answers Two pairs of contrasting traits
-Generates unique F2 generation
- 4th different types of peas
chromosome structure - Answers - The ends of chromosomes are called telomeres: Play a role in aging
-Chromosome has a specialized area called a centromere where the chromosome looks cinched
-Centromere can be located at different positions
oUsed along with size to identify homologous chromosomes
centromere - Answers o Centromere can be located at different positions
o Used along with size to identify homologous chromosomes
Morgans work and how it showed genes were located on chromosomes - Answers - chromosomes are
inherited from each parent, and each chromosome contains multiple genes
- The linked traits that Morgan saw have genes that are present on the same chromosome
Why did Morgan observe his rare offspring that had 1 trait like each parent? - Answers - Recombination
occurs where homologous chromosomes exchange pieces
- Likely of this happening depends on how far apart the genes are on a chromosome
- Greater distance makes it more likely
What type of cells are produced by meiosis - Answers Gametes
Diploid - Answers -the genetic condition of having pairs of homologous chromosomes
◦ Most cells are diploid
◦ Abbreviated 2n where n stands for the number of homologous pairs
◦ In humans n=23
haploid - Answers -*the genetic condition of having only one copy of each chromosome*
