Chem 103 Exam 1 review - UW Madison Questions and Answers 2025

Chem 103 Exam 1 review - UW Madison
Questions and Answers 2025
WhatAisAanAacid?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-solutionAhasAanAexcessAofAH+Aions
WhatAisAaAbase?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-solutionAhasAanAexcessAofAhydroxylAionsA(OH-)
WhatAisAneutralization?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
processAwhereAacidAandAbaseAareAmixedAuntilAtheyAbecomeAneutralAandAtheAPHAisA7.
WhatAareAtheAtwoAproductsAofAaAneutralizationAchemicalAreaction?A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-

waterAandAsaltA(ATheAtypeAofAsaltAdependsAonAacidAorAbaseAaddedAtoAneutralize.)
WhatAisAaAweakAacid?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
anAacidAthatAonlyApartiallyAionizesAinAanAaqueousAsolution.AThisAmeansAthatAnotAeveryAmol
eculeAbreaksAapart.
pHA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-isAaAmeasurementAofAhowAacidicAorAhowAbasicAaAsolutionAis.
WhyAisApHAimportantAtoAbiology?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
CellsAsurviveAinAaAspecificApHArange.
HumanAbloodAisAmaintainAatA7pHAforAhomostasis.
TheAstomachAhasAacidsAtoAbreakAdownAfood.
BileAfromAtheAliverAisAaAbaseAwhichAbreaksAdownAfatsA&Agrease.
WhatAisAaAbuffer?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
aAsubstanceAtoAhelpAtoAneutralize/balanceApHAlevels.
WhatAareApHAindicators?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheyAareAusedAtoAtellAyouAtheApHAvalue.
ExamplesAareAphenalpheleinAandAbromthymolAblue.
WhatAareAtheApropertiesAofAanAacid?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
tasteAsour,AconductAelectricity,Acorrosive,AreactsAwithAmetals,AturnsAlitmusApaperAred.
GiveAexamplesAofAacidsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-HCLAwhichAisAinAyourAstomack.
SulfuricAacidAwhichAisAusedAaAlotAinAindustriesAtoAmakeAfertilzers,Apaints,Aetc.A
TumsAantacidAusedAtoAneutralizeAstomachAacids.
WhatAareAsomeAusesAofAbases?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-soapsAandAcleaningAproducts
usedAinAbatteries
WhatAareAsomeAexamplesAofAbases?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-lyeAusedAtoAmakeAsoap.
LiquidAplummerAusedAforAcloggedAdrains.ABakingASodaAandABakingApowder
WhatAisAtheAmainAneutralAsubstance?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-water
HowAisAaAsaltAchemicallyAformed?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
WhenAyouAaddAacidAorAbaseAtoAneutralizeAaAsolutionAtheAproductsAformedAareAwaterAandAs
alts.
AAchangeAinApHAunitsArepresentsAaAtenfoldAchangeAinAtheAacidityAofAtheAsolutionA(logarithm
icAscale).AIfAoneAsolutionAhasAaApHAofA1AandAaAsecondAsolutionAhasAaApHAofA2,AtheAfirstAsolu
tionAisAnotAtwiceAasAacidicAaAtheAsecondAitAisA______timesAmoreAacidic.A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-tenA(logarithmic)

WhatAisAaApHAscale?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
aAlogarithmicAscaleAthatAindicatesAtheApHAofAaAsolution.AItArangesAfromA0A-A14.

,OnAtheApHAscale,AwhatAnumbersArepresentAanAacid?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-0-6
OnAtheApHAscale,AwhatAnumbersArepresentAaAbase?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-8-14
OnAtheApHAscale,AwhatAnumberArepresentsAaAneutralAsolution?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
7
WhatAisAaAweakAacid?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
AnAacidAthatAonlyApartiallyAionizesA(breaksAdown)AinAaAsolution.AWeakAacidsAareAcloseAtoA7
pH
WhatAisAaAweakAbase?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
AAweakAbaseAwillAonlyAparttallyAionizeAinAaAsolution.AThisAmeansAthatAnotAeveryAmoleculeAb
reaksAapart.
WhatAisAaAchemicalAchange?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
WhenAaAchangeAinAcompositionAoccursAgivingAnewAsubstancesAwithAnewAproperties.
ExampleAwhenAwoodAchangesAtoAcarbon.AWoodAandAcarbonAdoAnotAhaveAsimilarAproperti
es.
WHatAisAaAphysicalAchange?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
WhenAaAchangeAdoesANOTAchangeAtheAcomposition.
WhatAareAindicatorsAofAaAchemicalAchange?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
ObservationsAsuchAasAwhatAyouAsee(AcolorAchange,AprecipitantA(solidsAinAsolutions)A
Hear-boomASmellATaste-sour/sweetAFeel-hotAorAcold.
Also,AbubblesAindicateAgas..
WhatAisAtheAlawAofAconservationAofAmass?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
MassAisAnotAcreatedAnorAdestroyed.
WhatAisAaAchemicalAformula?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
chemicalAsymbolsArepresentAmoleculesAwithAsubscriptsAtoArepresentAtheAnumberAofAthatAe
lement.
NaClArepresentsAtableAsalt.
ReactantsAareAonAtheArightAorAleftAofAtheA->A(yield)AsignAinAaAchemicalAequation.A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-left

ProductsAareAonAtheAleftAorArightAofAtheA->(yield)AsignAinAaAchemicalAequation.A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-right

WhatAdoesAtheA->ArepresentAinAaAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
yieldAorAtoAproduce
WhatAisAaAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
ItArepresentsAwithAchemicalAformulasAaAchemicalAchange/reaction.
WhenAoneAmoleculeAsplitsAapartAandAswitchAplacesAthisAisAcalledAaA__Areaction.A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-replacementAtypeAofAchemicalAreaction

WhatAisAaAreactantAinAaAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheyAareAsubstancesAthatAareApresentAbeforeAtheAchemicalAchangeAtakesAplace.ATheyAare
AwhatAyouAputAintoAtheAchemicalAreactionAtoAcauseAaAchemicalAchange.

WhatAisAaAproductAinAaAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
ChemicalsAthatAareAformedAduringAtheAchemicalAchange.
WhenAenergyAisAabsorbedAinAaAchemicalAreactionAitAisAaA__reaction.A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-endothermic

WhenAenergyAisAreleasedAinAaAcheicialAreactionAitAisAaA__reaction>A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-exothermicA(AusuallyAinAtheAformAofAheat)

,WhatAdoesAaAneutralizationAchemicalAreactionAproduce?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
waterAandAsalt
AAchemicalAreactionAisAwhenAaA__AchangeAhasAoccurred.A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
chemical
WhatAhappensAtoAtheAoldAmoleculesAinAaAchemicalAreaction?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheyArearrangeAintoAnewAmolecules
WhatAisAactivationAenergy?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheAenergyAneededAtoAstartAaAchemicalAreaction.
WhatAisAaAcoefficient?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheAnumberAinAfrontAofAaAchemicalAformulaAwhichAtellsAhowAmanyAofAthatAmoleculesAisAne
ededAtoAbalanceAtheAchemicalAequation.
ChemicalAreactionsAwillAproduceA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-newAsubstances.
AA__ArepresentsAaAchemicalAreactionA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-chemicalAequation
WhatAhappensAinAaAchemicalAreaction?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
bondsAbetweenAatomsAareAbrokenAandAnewAbondsAareAformed.
WhyAareAchemicalAequationsAbalanced?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
WhenAchemicalAequationsAareAbalancedAtheyAhaveAtheAsameAnumberAofAtheAsameAatomA
onAbothAsidesAofAtheAequation.AThisAisAbecauseAofAtheAlawAofAconservationAofAmatter.
HowAdoesAaAcatalystAincreaseAtheAreactionArate?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
byAloweringAtheAactivationAenergy
DescribeAtheAtypesAofAchemcialAreactions?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-SynthesisAAA+ABA-
>AABA(singleAproduct)
DecompositionAAB->AAA+ABA(AbreaksAdownAintoAsmallerAelements)
SingleAReplacementAABA+ACA->AACA+AB
DoubleAReplacementAABA+ACDA->AADA+ABC
NeutralizationAacidA+AbaseA->AwaterA+Asalt
WhatAisAaAsynthesisAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
WhenAtwoAroAmoreAsubstancesAcombineAinAaAchemicalAreactionAtoAformAanotherAsubstanc
eA.
WhatAisAaAdecompositionAchemicalAequation?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheAbreakdownAofAaAsubstanceAintoAtwoAorAmoreAsimplerAsubstances.
WhatAisAaAmacromolecule?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
TheyAareAlargeAmoleculesAwhichAareAneededAforAaAlivingAorganism.ATheyAareAfats,Aprotein
s,AnucleicAacidA(DNA,ARNA)AandAcarbohydrate.
CarbonAisAuniqueAandAcausesAtheAformationAofAlongAchainsAinAmacromoleculesAbecauseA
ofAitsA__A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-fourAvalenceAelectrons
WhatAisAtheAwordAchemicalAequationAforAphotosynthesis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
carbonAdioxideA+AwaterA->AglucoseAandAoxygenAgas
WhatAareAtheAreactantsAinAphotosynthesis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
carbonAdioxideAandAwater
WhatAareAtheAproductsAinAphotosynthesis?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
glucoseAandAoxygenAgas
WhatAfactorsAinfluenceAtheArateAofAchemicalAreaction?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
pHAconcentrationApressure,AsurfaceAarea,Atemperature
WhatAisAtheAnameAofAtheAwhiteAhorseAonAmyAfarm?A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Ghost

, AtomsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
theAsubmicroscopicAparticlesAthatAconstituteAtheAfundamentalAbuildingAblocksAofAmaterA
-eachAhasAitsAownAuniqueApropertiesA(mass,AphysicalAcharacteristics)
MoleculesA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
twoAorAmoreAatomsAjoinedAinAaAspecificAgeometricAarrangementA
-propertiesAofAmoleculesAdependAonAtheAcompositionAofAthoseAmolecules
ChemistryA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
theAscienceAthatAseeksAtoAunderstandAtheAbehaviorAofAmatterAbyAstudyingAtheAbehaviorAofA
atomsAandAmolecules
TheAScientificAMethodA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--
theAguidelinesAforAtheApracticeAofAscience
StatesAofAmatterA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--solid,Aliquid,AandAgas
MatterAisAclassifiedAbyAitsA____________AorAbyAtheA______________A-
ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.Astate

2.Acomposition
GasA(macroscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.AnoAfixedAvolumeA
2.Acompressible
GasA(microscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.AgasAmoleculesAareAfarAapart,AmovingAfast
LiquidA(macroscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.AfixedAvolumeA
2.AnoAfixedAshapeA
3.AmoderatelyAcompressible
LiquidA(microscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.AInAtranslationalAmotionA
2.AcloserAtogetherAthanAgasesA
3.AshortArangeAorder,AlongArangeAdisorder
SolidA(macroscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-1.AfixedAvolumeAandAshapeA
2.Aincompressible
SolidA(microscopic)A-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
1.AmoleculesAareApackedAcloselyAtogetherAinAfixedApositions
crystallineA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
atomsAandAmoleculesAareAarrangedAinAanAorderedArepeatingApattern.ABothAshortAandAlongA
rangeAorderA
-ex:Adiamond
amorphousA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
haveAshortArangeAorder,AbutAlongArangeAdisorder.ANoArepeatingApatternAofAatoms/molecul
esA
-ex:Acharcoal
PureAsubstancesA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
matterAwithAfixedAcompositionAandAdistinctAproportionsAofAatoms
ElementsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
cannotAbeAdecomposedAintoAsimplerAsubstancesA(onlyAoneAkindAofAatoms)A
-elementsAvaryAinAabundance
CompoundsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS--combinationsAofAelementsA
-compoundsAhaveAveryAdifferentApropertiesAfromAtheAelementsAthatAmakeAthemAup.
MixturesA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-combinationAofAtwoAorAmoreApureAsubstances
HeterogeneousA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-substancesAareAinAdifferentAphases.A
ex:AMilk