Chapter 15: Anti-discrimination Laws
and Other Marketing Regulations
(Colibri Real Estate) Exam 2025 With
100% Correct Answers
Which law prohibits discrimination in real estate transactions based on race, with no
exceptions?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Fair Housing Act - correct answers ✔✔Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prevents discrimination based on race or color in any real estate
transaction, without exception. The 1964 Act is limited to programs where the federal
government offers financial assistance, while the Fair Housing Act (a part of the 1968 Act) is
limited to residential transactions and has several exemptions.
Which of the following is exempt from the federal Fair Housing Act?
Commercial or industrial property
An eight-unit multi-family dwelling
A triplex listed for sale with a real estate broker
,A vacant lot intended for residential construction - correct answers ✔✔Commercial or industrial
property
The federal Fair Housing Act applies to residential properties, not commercial or industrial
properties.
The federal Fair Housing Act protects persons based on:
marital status
age
national origin
military status - correct answers ✔✔national origin
The Fair Housing Act makes it illegal to discriminate based on race, color, religion, sex, national
origin, disability, or familial status. State antidiscrimination laws may protect some or all of the
other choices, but the federal law does not.
Which of the following pieces of information may an apartment property manager gather about
applicants?
Age
Employment history
National origin
Social affiliations - correct answers ✔✔Employment history
A property manager gathers information about rental applicants' employment history to gauge
their ability to pay rent. National origin is a protected class under the Fair Housing Act, and
asking about it violates the act. Age alone isn't a protected class and many rental applications
ask for birth date, but we think if a similar question is encountered on the state exam,
,"Employment history" would be the better answer. Social affiliation isn't protected by fair
housing law directly, but it can implicate familial status and religion, which are protected
classes. Age alone isn't a protected class and many rental applications ask for birth date, but we
think if a similar question is encountered on the state exam, the answer Employment history is
more logical since it's more central to what landlords need to know. Social affiliation isn't
protected by fair housing law directly, but it can implicate familial status and religion, which are
protected classes.
Under Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, certain transactions are exempt. Which one of
the situations below would be exempted and not a violation of the act?
A church-owned apartment complex where language in the lease restricts tenancy to members
of a specific national origin
Members of a certain ethnic group are denied lodging in facilities operated by a private club for
commercial purposes
An unlisted home that is for sale by owner, where the only advertising is a sign in front of the
property that reads simply "For Sale" and the owner owns only one other home
An absentee owner who rents units in a four-plex without the help of a real estate agent -
correct answers ✔✔An unlisted home that is for sale by owner, where the only advertising is a
sign in front of the property that reads simply "For Sale" and the owner owns only one other
home
The federal Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968) does not apply to the sale
or rental of a single-family home by its owner, provided that the owner doesn't own more than
three such homes, no real estate agent is used, and no discriminatory advertising is used.
A prospective tenant applies to rent a unit in a 12-unit apartment building, where the owner
lives in one of the units and handles all lease transactions on his own. The tenant is turned
, down, and believes he has been discriminated against on the basis of his race. If true, this would
be:
lawful, because no discriminatory advertising was used
lawful, because the owner lives on the premises
lawful, because no real estate agent was used
unlawful, because this is a 12-unit building - correct answers ✔✔unlawful, because this is a 12-
unit building
If the rental application was in fact turned down because of the tenant's race, this would be a
violation of the Fair Housing Act. There is no exemption that applies to this transaction: even
though the owner lives on the premises and did not employ a real estate agent, the "Mrs.
Murphy" exemption only applies to dwellings with four or fewer units. Note in addition that the
Civil Rights of 1866 flatly prohibits racial discrimination in housing, without regard to building
size or any other factor.
Which of the following rental transactions would be covered by (not exempt from) the Fair
Housing Act even if no real estate agent were involved?
Owner-occupant rents a unit in a four-unit dwelling, using a nondiscriminatory ad
Owner-occupant of a duplex rents to a neighbor's son without advertising the unit
Rental of a unit in a triplex, using no discriminatory advertising
and Other Marketing Regulations
(Colibri Real Estate) Exam 2025 With
100% Correct Answers
Which law prohibits discrimination in real estate transactions based on race, with no
exceptions?
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Fair Housing Act - correct answers ✔✔Civil Rights Act of 1866
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 prevents discrimination based on race or color in any real estate
transaction, without exception. The 1964 Act is limited to programs where the federal
government offers financial assistance, while the Fair Housing Act (a part of the 1968 Act) is
limited to residential transactions and has several exemptions.
Which of the following is exempt from the federal Fair Housing Act?
Commercial or industrial property
An eight-unit multi-family dwelling
A triplex listed for sale with a real estate broker
,A vacant lot intended for residential construction - correct answers ✔✔Commercial or industrial
property
The federal Fair Housing Act applies to residential properties, not commercial or industrial
properties.
The federal Fair Housing Act protects persons based on:
marital status
age
national origin
military status - correct answers ✔✔national origin
The Fair Housing Act makes it illegal to discriminate based on race, color, religion, sex, national
origin, disability, or familial status. State antidiscrimination laws may protect some or all of the
other choices, but the federal law does not.
Which of the following pieces of information may an apartment property manager gather about
applicants?
Age
Employment history
National origin
Social affiliations - correct answers ✔✔Employment history
A property manager gathers information about rental applicants' employment history to gauge
their ability to pay rent. National origin is a protected class under the Fair Housing Act, and
asking about it violates the act. Age alone isn't a protected class and many rental applications
ask for birth date, but we think if a similar question is encountered on the state exam,
,"Employment history" would be the better answer. Social affiliation isn't protected by fair
housing law directly, but it can implicate familial status and religion, which are protected
classes. Age alone isn't a protected class and many rental applications ask for birth date, but we
think if a similar question is encountered on the state exam, the answer Employment history is
more logical since it's more central to what landlords need to know. Social affiliation isn't
protected by fair housing law directly, but it can implicate familial status and religion, which are
protected classes.
Under Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968, certain transactions are exempt. Which one of
the situations below would be exempted and not a violation of the act?
A church-owned apartment complex where language in the lease restricts tenancy to members
of a specific national origin
Members of a certain ethnic group are denied lodging in facilities operated by a private club for
commercial purposes
An unlisted home that is for sale by owner, where the only advertising is a sign in front of the
property that reads simply "For Sale" and the owner owns only one other home
An absentee owner who rents units in a four-plex without the help of a real estate agent -
correct answers ✔✔An unlisted home that is for sale by owner, where the only advertising is a
sign in front of the property that reads simply "For Sale" and the owner owns only one other
home
The federal Fair Housing Act (Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968) does not apply to the sale
or rental of a single-family home by its owner, provided that the owner doesn't own more than
three such homes, no real estate agent is used, and no discriminatory advertising is used.
A prospective tenant applies to rent a unit in a 12-unit apartment building, where the owner
lives in one of the units and handles all lease transactions on his own. The tenant is turned
, down, and believes he has been discriminated against on the basis of his race. If true, this would
be:
lawful, because no discriminatory advertising was used
lawful, because the owner lives on the premises
lawful, because no real estate agent was used
unlawful, because this is a 12-unit building - correct answers ✔✔unlawful, because this is a 12-
unit building
If the rental application was in fact turned down because of the tenant's race, this would be a
violation of the Fair Housing Act. There is no exemption that applies to this transaction: even
though the owner lives on the premises and did not employ a real estate agent, the "Mrs.
Murphy" exemption only applies to dwellings with four or fewer units. Note in addition that the
Civil Rights of 1866 flatly prohibits racial discrimination in housing, without regard to building
size or any other factor.
Which of the following rental transactions would be covered by (not exempt from) the Fair
Housing Act even if no real estate agent were involved?
Owner-occupant rents a unit in a four-unit dwelling, using a nondiscriminatory ad
Owner-occupant of a duplex rents to a neighbor's son without advertising the unit
Rental of a unit in a triplex, using no discriminatory advertising
