WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM
2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Information that is detected by the receptor and sent back to the control
center based on the response - ANSWER ✓ Feedback
2. What type of feedback system repeats until the controlled condition is
brought back to within the normal limits of its set point range? - ANSWER
✓ Negative feedback
3. What type of feedback system repeats, often increasing deviation from the
set point, until the original stimulus is removed? - ANSWER ✓ Positive
feedback
4. Pancreatic beta cells in the pancreas detect excess glucose in the
bloodstream and release insulin. Is this an example of Negative of Positive
feedback? - ANSWER ✓ Negative feedback
5. Insulin hormone signals skeletal muscle fibers, fat cells, and liver cells to
take up excess glucose from the bloodstream. Is this an example of Negative
of Positive feedback? - ANSWER ✓ Negative feedback
6. What happens to blood vessels in the skin when the body's temperature
exceeds its normal range? - ANSWER ✓ Dilate
7. What is the effect of sweat glands being activated to increase their output? -
ANSWER ✓ Evaporation of sweat takes heat with it
,8. In the thermoregulation example, what is a major effect when the heat loss
center is stimulated? - ANSWER ✓ Dilation of blood vessels in the skin -
Stimulation of the heat loss center allows more blood from the body core to
flow to the surface of the skin. This, in turn, allows the heat to radiate into
the environment.
9. What does positive feedback do to the body's physiological condition? -
ANSWER ✓ Intensifies a change rather than reversing it.
10.When is positive feedback in the body considered normal? - ANSWER ✓
Only when there is a definite end point.
11.Give two examples of positive feedback loops in the body. - ANSWER ✓
Childbirth and the body's response to blood loss.
12.What can lead to homeostatic imbalance? - ANSWER ✓ Decreases in the
effectiveness or efficiency of feedback systems. Which can lead to disease
or death.
13.What is the outermost layer of the skin called? - ANSWER ✓ The
epidermis.
14.What type of epithelium composes the epidermis? - ANSWER ✓
Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.
15.How many layers of cells does "thin skin" have? Name them from
superficial to deep - ANSWER ✓ Four layers. stratum corneum, (stratum
lucidum - only on thick skin), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and
stratum basale.
16.What additional layer does "thick skin" have? Where is it found? -
ANSWER ✓ The stratum lucidum. On the palms of the hands and the soles
of the feet (Hairless skin).
17.What lies immediately beneath the epidermis? - ANSWER ✓ The dermis.
,18.What structures are found in the dermis? - ANSWER ✓ Blood and lymph
vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
19.What are the two layers of the dermis? - ANSWER ✓ The papillary layer
and the reticular layer.
20.What type of tissue makes up the papillary layer? What cells and structures
are found in the papillary layer? - ANSWER ✓ Loose, areolar connective
tissue. Fibroblasts, adipocytes, small blood vessels, phagocytes, lymphatic
capillaries, nerve fibers, and Meissner corpuscles.
21.What type of tissue makes up the reticular layer? - ANSWER ✓ Dense,
irregular connective tissue.
22.What provides elasticity and tensile strength to the skin? - ANSWER ✓
Elastin fibers provide elasticity, and collagen fibers provide tensile strength.
23.What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? Also known as the subcutaneous
layer or superficial fascia. What function does it serve? - ANSWER ✓ The
hypodermis. Its functions are fat storage, insulation, and cushioning.
24.What pigments influence the color of skin? - ANSWER ✓ Melanin,
carotene, and hemoglobin.
25.Where are melanocytes found? - ANSWER ✓ Scattered throughout the
stratum basale of the epidermis.
26.What are the two primary forms of melanin? - ANSWER ✓ Eumelanin
(black and brown) and pheomelanin (red).
27.What causes the darkening of the skin or a tan? - ANSWER ✓
Accumulation of melanin in keratinocytes due to UV exposure.
28.nuclear envelope: - ANSWER ✓ the membrane that surrounds the nucleus;
consisting of a double lipid-bilayer
29.nuclear pore - ANSWER ✓ one of the small, protein-lined openings found
scattered throughout the nuclear envelope
, 30.nucleolus - ANSWER ✓ small region of the nucleus that functions in
ribosome synthesis
31.chromatin - ANSWER ✓ a substance consisting of DNA and associated
proteins
32.Chromosomes - ANSWER ✓ thread-like structures located inside the
nucleus containing the genetic material
33.gene - ANSWER ✓ a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic
information necessary to build a protein
34.gene expression - ANSWER ✓ active interpretation of the information
coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product
35.DNA replication - ANSWER ✓ the process of duplicating a molecule of
DNA
36.genome - ANSWER ✓ the entire complement of an organism's DNA; found
within virtually every cell
37.nucleus - ANSWER ✓ cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA
38.cytoplasm - ANSWER ✓ the jelly-like substance in which the cell
organelles and nucleus are embedded
39.cell membrane - ANSWER ✓ a thin and flexible membrane surrounding the
cells that acts as a barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular
fluids
40.integral protein - ANSWER ✓ a membrane-associated protein that spans the
entire width of the lipid bilayer
41.channel protein: - ANSWER ✓ a membrane-spanning protein that has an
inner pore that allows the passage of one or more substances
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM
2025-2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<RECENT VERSION>
1. Information that is detected by the receptor and sent back to the control
center based on the response - ANSWER ✓ Feedback
2. What type of feedback system repeats until the controlled condition is
brought back to within the normal limits of its set point range? - ANSWER
✓ Negative feedback
3. What type of feedback system repeats, often increasing deviation from the
set point, until the original stimulus is removed? - ANSWER ✓ Positive
feedback
4. Pancreatic beta cells in the pancreas detect excess glucose in the
bloodstream and release insulin. Is this an example of Negative of Positive
feedback? - ANSWER ✓ Negative feedback
5. Insulin hormone signals skeletal muscle fibers, fat cells, and liver cells to
take up excess glucose from the bloodstream. Is this an example of Negative
of Positive feedback? - ANSWER ✓ Negative feedback
6. What happens to blood vessels in the skin when the body's temperature
exceeds its normal range? - ANSWER ✓ Dilate
7. What is the effect of sweat glands being activated to increase their output? -
ANSWER ✓ Evaporation of sweat takes heat with it
,8. In the thermoregulation example, what is a major effect when the heat loss
center is stimulated? - ANSWER ✓ Dilation of blood vessels in the skin -
Stimulation of the heat loss center allows more blood from the body core to
flow to the surface of the skin. This, in turn, allows the heat to radiate into
the environment.
9. What does positive feedback do to the body's physiological condition? -
ANSWER ✓ Intensifies a change rather than reversing it.
10.When is positive feedback in the body considered normal? - ANSWER ✓
Only when there is a definite end point.
11.Give two examples of positive feedback loops in the body. - ANSWER ✓
Childbirth and the body's response to blood loss.
12.What can lead to homeostatic imbalance? - ANSWER ✓ Decreases in the
effectiveness or efficiency of feedback systems. Which can lead to disease
or death.
13.What is the outermost layer of the skin called? - ANSWER ✓ The
epidermis.
14.What type of epithelium composes the epidermis? - ANSWER ✓
Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium.
15.How many layers of cells does "thin skin" have? Name them from
superficial to deep - ANSWER ✓ Four layers. stratum corneum, (stratum
lucidum - only on thick skin), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and
stratum basale.
16.What additional layer does "thick skin" have? Where is it found? -
ANSWER ✓ The stratum lucidum. On the palms of the hands and the soles
of the feet (Hairless skin).
17.What lies immediately beneath the epidermis? - ANSWER ✓ The dermis.
,18.What structures are found in the dermis? - ANSWER ✓ Blood and lymph
vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands.
19.What are the two layers of the dermis? - ANSWER ✓ The papillary layer
and the reticular layer.
20.What type of tissue makes up the papillary layer? What cells and structures
are found in the papillary layer? - ANSWER ✓ Loose, areolar connective
tissue. Fibroblasts, adipocytes, small blood vessels, phagocytes, lymphatic
capillaries, nerve fibers, and Meissner corpuscles.
21.What type of tissue makes up the reticular layer? - ANSWER ✓ Dense,
irregular connective tissue.
22.What provides elasticity and tensile strength to the skin? - ANSWER ✓
Elastin fibers provide elasticity, and collagen fibers provide tensile strength.
23.What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? Also known as the subcutaneous
layer or superficial fascia. What function does it serve? - ANSWER ✓ The
hypodermis. Its functions are fat storage, insulation, and cushioning.
24.What pigments influence the color of skin? - ANSWER ✓ Melanin,
carotene, and hemoglobin.
25.Where are melanocytes found? - ANSWER ✓ Scattered throughout the
stratum basale of the epidermis.
26.What are the two primary forms of melanin? - ANSWER ✓ Eumelanin
(black and brown) and pheomelanin (red).
27.What causes the darkening of the skin or a tan? - ANSWER ✓
Accumulation of melanin in keratinocytes due to UV exposure.
28.nuclear envelope: - ANSWER ✓ the membrane that surrounds the nucleus;
consisting of a double lipid-bilayer
29.nuclear pore - ANSWER ✓ one of the small, protein-lined openings found
scattered throughout the nuclear envelope
, 30.nucleolus - ANSWER ✓ small region of the nucleus that functions in
ribosome synthesis
31.chromatin - ANSWER ✓ a substance consisting of DNA and associated
proteins
32.Chromosomes - ANSWER ✓ thread-like structures located inside the
nucleus containing the genetic material
33.gene - ANSWER ✓ a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic
information necessary to build a protein
34.gene expression - ANSWER ✓ active interpretation of the information
coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product
35.DNA replication - ANSWER ✓ the process of duplicating a molecule of
DNA
36.genome - ANSWER ✓ the entire complement of an organism's DNA; found
within virtually every cell
37.nucleus - ANSWER ✓ cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA
38.cytoplasm - ANSWER ✓ the jelly-like substance in which the cell
organelles and nucleus are embedded
39.cell membrane - ANSWER ✓ a thin and flexible membrane surrounding the
cells that acts as a barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular
fluids
40.integral protein - ANSWER ✓ a membrane-associated protein that spans the
entire width of the lipid bilayer
41.channel protein: - ANSWER ✓ a membrane-spanning protein that has an
inner pore that allows the passage of one or more substances
