COMLEX Level 1 EXAM 2025 UPDATE/PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
pancreatic cancer - CORRECT ANSWER--usually arises in the *head* of the
pancreas
-is associated with *jaundice and pain* due to obstruction of the common bile
duct
- it is the *4th* most common cause of cancer
-has a very poor prognosis
1. Calcium channel blockers--> specifically smooth muscle antagonists--> SM
dilation
2. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockers --> cause dilation of vessels instead of
constriction
3. Beta 2 agonists: causes dilation of smooth muscle vessels - CORRECT
ANSWER-Patients with GERD normally have a dysfunction with LES sphincter
tone that allows acid to reflux into the esophagus, thus drugs that affect sphincter
tone would make GERD worse. What are the name of three drug categories that
do this?
cysteine stone - CORRECT ANSWER-- *Hexagonal* stones
,- *Ground, glass appearance*
- *(+) urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
- Defect in renal transport of COLA: Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine
- Does NOT respond to shock wave therapy
angiodysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-most common cause of lower GI bleeding in
pt's >60
superior mesenteric artery - CORRECT ANSWER-supplies the lower portion of
the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon to
the splenic flexure
celiac disease - CORRECT ANSWER-malabsorption syndrome caused by an
immune reaction to gliadian protein in gluten
-Tissue transglutaminase
-results in villous atrophy of small intestine mucosa and causes steatorrhea,
diarrhea, bloating and abdominal pain
-*also associated with other autoimmune disorders like hashimotos thyroiditis*
make NPO, Place on an NG tube and suction obstruction out--> this will usually
resolve obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER-after a patient comes to the ER with
sudden onset of pain and abdominal distention W/O peritoneal signs and after x-
ray you diagnose her with a small bowel obstruction. What do you do next?
,Low total calcium due to low albumin levels from cirrhosis (95% of Ca2+ is bound
to albumin) and normal ionized Ca2+ because PTH regulates free ionized Ca2+
independently--> that is why there are no signs go hypocalcemia - CORRECT
ANSWER-In a patient with liver cirrhosis what calcium levels would you expect to
see?
Would there be signs of hypocalcemia--> tetany, paresthesias, abdominal
cramps?
T5-T11 - CORRECT ANSWER-where would you find a viserosomatic reflex
resulting in placatory changes of the pancreas?
Deferoxamine (Desferal) - CORRECT ANSWER-iron chelating agent used in the
treatment of iron intoxication
short leg syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-when a patient presents with a flexible
scoliotic curve it is important to evaluate for...
inferior trunk--> encompasses broadmann areas 22,39,40 which are in the
temporal region - CORRECT ANSWER-Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA
results in Wernicke's aphasia?
Superior division--> encompasses brooks area, frontal eye field, primary motor
cortex and primary somatosensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-Infarct to what
trunk of the Left MCA results in Broca's aphasia?
, Osteosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-bone tumor that is present in young adult
males that involves the metaphysis of the long bones
Ewing's sarcoma t(11;22) - CORRECT ANSWER-bone tumor that is present in
young adult males that involves the *diaphysis(mid-shaft)* of the long bones.
fibrosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-malignant fibroblasts within a collagenous
matrix
chondrosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-osseous sarcomas that affect older
patients and has a predilection for flat bones in the *shoulders and pelvis*
tyrosine, due to a defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase - CORRECT ANSWER-PKU
presents as failure to thrive, mental retardation, gapped teeth, etc. What is the
amino acid that needs to be supplemented due to a defect in what enzyme?
Rib 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-where does the posterior scalene attach to?
Paclitaxel - CORRECT ANSWER-used in the treatment of breast and ovarian
cancer
MOA: hyper stabilization of polymerized microtubules--> prevents the breakdown
of the mitotic spindle
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS
(complete solutions) ASSURED SUCCESS/GRADED A+!!!
pancreatic cancer - CORRECT ANSWER--usually arises in the *head* of the
pancreas
-is associated with *jaundice and pain* due to obstruction of the common bile
duct
- it is the *4th* most common cause of cancer
-has a very poor prognosis
1. Calcium channel blockers--> specifically smooth muscle antagonists--> SM
dilation
2. Alpha adrenergic receptor blockers --> cause dilation of vessels instead of
constriction
3. Beta 2 agonists: causes dilation of smooth muscle vessels - CORRECT
ANSWER-Patients with GERD normally have a dysfunction with LES sphincter
tone that allows acid to reflux into the esophagus, thus drugs that affect sphincter
tone would make GERD worse. What are the name of three drug categories that
do this?
cysteine stone - CORRECT ANSWER-- *Hexagonal* stones
,- *Ground, glass appearance*
- *(+) urinary cyanide nitroprusside test
- Defect in renal transport of COLA: Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine
- Does NOT respond to shock wave therapy
angiodysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-most common cause of lower GI bleeding in
pt's >60
superior mesenteric artery - CORRECT ANSWER-supplies the lower portion of
the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon to
the splenic flexure
celiac disease - CORRECT ANSWER-malabsorption syndrome caused by an
immune reaction to gliadian protein in gluten
-Tissue transglutaminase
-results in villous atrophy of small intestine mucosa and causes steatorrhea,
diarrhea, bloating and abdominal pain
-*also associated with other autoimmune disorders like hashimotos thyroiditis*
make NPO, Place on an NG tube and suction obstruction out--> this will usually
resolve obstruction - CORRECT ANSWER-after a patient comes to the ER with
sudden onset of pain and abdominal distention W/O peritoneal signs and after x-
ray you diagnose her with a small bowel obstruction. What do you do next?
,Low total calcium due to low albumin levels from cirrhosis (95% of Ca2+ is bound
to albumin) and normal ionized Ca2+ because PTH regulates free ionized Ca2+
independently--> that is why there are no signs go hypocalcemia - CORRECT
ANSWER-In a patient with liver cirrhosis what calcium levels would you expect to
see?
Would there be signs of hypocalcemia--> tetany, paresthesias, abdominal
cramps?
T5-T11 - CORRECT ANSWER-where would you find a viserosomatic reflex
resulting in placatory changes of the pancreas?
Deferoxamine (Desferal) - CORRECT ANSWER-iron chelating agent used in the
treatment of iron intoxication
short leg syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-when a patient presents with a flexible
scoliotic curve it is important to evaluate for...
inferior trunk--> encompasses broadmann areas 22,39,40 which are in the
temporal region - CORRECT ANSWER-Infarct to what trunk of the Left MCA
results in Wernicke's aphasia?
Superior division--> encompasses brooks area, frontal eye field, primary motor
cortex and primary somatosensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER-Infarct to what
trunk of the Left MCA results in Broca's aphasia?
, Osteosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-bone tumor that is present in young adult
males that involves the metaphysis of the long bones
Ewing's sarcoma t(11;22) - CORRECT ANSWER-bone tumor that is present in
young adult males that involves the *diaphysis(mid-shaft)* of the long bones.
fibrosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-malignant fibroblasts within a collagenous
matrix
chondrosarcoma - CORRECT ANSWER-osseous sarcomas that affect older
patients and has a predilection for flat bones in the *shoulders and pelvis*
tyrosine, due to a defect in phenylalanine hydroxylase - CORRECT ANSWER-PKU
presents as failure to thrive, mental retardation, gapped teeth, etc. What is the
amino acid that needs to be supplemented due to a defect in what enzyme?
Rib 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-where does the posterior scalene attach to?
Paclitaxel - CORRECT ANSWER-used in the treatment of breast and ovarian
cancer
MOA: hyper stabilization of polymerized microtubules--> prevents the breakdown
of the mitotic spindle
