1. A nurse is caring for a client receiving a blood
transfusion. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following signs of an allergic reaction?
A. Tachycardia
B. Fever and chills
C. Rash and itching
D. Cyanosis
Answer: c) Rash and itching
Rationale: Rash and itching are common signs of an allergic
reaction to a blood transfusion. The nurse should stop the
transfusion and notify the provider if these symptoms occur.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed
ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. The nurse should
instruct the client to avoid which of the following?
A. Dairy products
B. Citrus fruits
C. Caffeine
D. Carbonated beverages
Answer: a) Dairy products
Rationale: Dairy products can interfere with the absorption
of ciprofloxacin, reducing its effectiveness.
3. A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin to a client
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
,Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
4. A client is receiving amoxicillin for a bacterial infection.
The nurse should instruct the client to complete the entire
course of therapy for which of the following reasons?
A. To prevent the development of resistance
B. To decrease the risk of side effects
C. To improve the effectiveness of the drug
D. To decrease the risk of developing superinfection
Answer: a) To prevent the development of resistance
Rationale: Completing the full course of antibiotics helps to
ensure the infection is fully eradicated and prevents the
development of antibiotic resistance.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving enalapril. Which of
the following should be monitored regularly?
A. Blood pressure
B. Blood glucose level
C. Respiratory rate
D. Serum calcium
Answer: a) Blood pressure
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, primarily used for
hypertension management. Blood pressure should be
closely monitored to ensure the medication is effective.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed metformin
for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Lactic acidosis
D. Constipation
Answer: c) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious
adverse effect. The nurse should monitor for symptoms
such as muscle pain, weakness, and respiratory distress.
8. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed lithium for
bipolar disorder. The nurse should monitor for signs of
toxicity, which include:
A. Fine hand tremors and polyuria
B. Fine hand tremors and increased appetite
C. Fine hand tremors and weight loss
D. Fine hand tremors and lethargy
Answer: a) Fine hand tremors and polyuria
Rationale: Fine hand tremors and polyuria are early signs of
transfusion. The nurse should monitor the client for which of
the following signs of an allergic reaction?
A. Tachycardia
B. Fever and chills
C. Rash and itching
D. Cyanosis
Answer: c) Rash and itching
Rationale: Rash and itching are common signs of an allergic
reaction to a blood transfusion. The nurse should stop the
transfusion and notify the provider if these symptoms occur.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed
ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection. The nurse should
instruct the client to avoid which of the following?
A. Dairy products
B. Citrus fruits
C. Caffeine
D. Carbonated beverages
Answer: a) Dairy products
Rationale: Dairy products can interfere with the absorption
of ciprofloxacin, reducing its effectiveness.
3. A nurse is administering a dose of phenytoin to a client
with seizures. The nurse should monitor the client for which
of the following adverse effects?
A. Gingival hyperplasia
B. Weight loss
C. Tremors
D. Hypoglycemia
,Answer: a) Gingival hyperplasia
Rationale: Phenytoin is associated with gingival
hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the gum tissue, as a common
adverse effect.
4. A client is receiving amoxicillin for a bacterial infection.
The nurse should instruct the client to complete the entire
course of therapy for which of the following reasons?
A. To prevent the development of resistance
B. To decrease the risk of side effects
C. To improve the effectiveness of the drug
D. To decrease the risk of developing superinfection
Answer: a) To prevent the development of resistance
Rationale: Completing the full course of antibiotics helps to
ensure the infection is fully eradicated and prevents the
development of antibiotic resistance.
5. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV
infusion of potassium chloride. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take?
A. Monitor for signs of hyperkalemia.
B. Administer potassium chloride rapidly to avoid irritation.
C. Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a large volume
of fluid.
D. Discontinue the infusion if the client has a pulse rate
above 100 bpm.
Answer: c) Ensure the potassium infusion is diluted in a
large volume of fluid.
Rationale: Potassium chloride should be infused slowly and
properly diluted to avoid adverse effects like cardiac
arrhythmias or vein irritation.
, 6. A nurse is caring for a client receiving enalapril. Which of
the following should be monitored regularly?
A. Blood pressure
B. Blood glucose level
C. Respiratory rate
D. Serum calcium
Answer: a) Blood pressure
Rationale: Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, primarily used for
hypertension management. Blood pressure should be
closely monitored to ensure the medication is effective.
7. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed metformin
for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse should monitor for
which of the following adverse effects?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Lactic acidosis
D. Constipation
Answer: c) Lactic acidosis
Rationale: Metformin can cause lactic acidosis, a serious
adverse effect. The nurse should monitor for symptoms
such as muscle pain, weakness, and respiratory distress.
8. A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed lithium for
bipolar disorder. The nurse should monitor for signs of
toxicity, which include:
A. Fine hand tremors and polyuria
B. Fine hand tremors and increased appetite
C. Fine hand tremors and weight loss
D. Fine hand tremors and lethargy
Answer: a) Fine hand tremors and polyuria
Rationale: Fine hand tremors and polyuria are early signs of
