SOCIOLOGY OF CRIME AND
DEVIANCE TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Lombroso's ideas about the nature of crime and criminals were aligned with which of
the following?
Charles Darwin.
Cesare Beccaria.
Travis Hirschi.
Thomas Hobbes. - Answer-Charles Darwin.
Scientific evaluation of Lombroso's ideas in the early to mid-1990s showed that
Atavism was a robust predictor of crime.
Comparisons of criminals and carefully matched noncriminals failed to support
Lombroso's ideas on the impact of atavistic features.
About half of all offenders fit Lombroso's notion of "born criminals."
Criminals and noncriminals had dramatically different skeletal features but similar
psyches. - Answer-Comparisons of criminals and carefully matched noncriminals
failed to support Lombroso's ideas on the impact of atavistic features.
Lombroso's ideas were later criticized for implying which of the following type of
crime-reduction policies?
Severe punishment, including death.
Swift punishment, without concern for due process.
Selective breeding.
Redistribution-of-wealth policies. - Answer-Selective breeding.
The classical perspective assumes which of the following about offender motivation?
Individuals are differentially motivated to commit crime (i.e., some are motivated,
whereas others are not).
All individuals lack motivation to commit crime; they are inherently social.
Individual motivation to commit crime is stronger in children than in adults.
All individuals are motivated to commit crime through the pursuit of self-interests. -
Answer-All individuals are motivated to commit crime through the pursuit of self-
interests.
Using Burgess's model of concentric zones, which zone is known as the zone in
transition?
Zone 1.
Zone 2.
, Zone 3.
Zone 4. - Answer-Zone 2.
According to the research of Shaw and McKay, inner-city neighborhoods with high
rates of crime
Were characterized by high levels of poverty, heterogeneity, and transiency.
Were characterized by universality of conventional values.
Had strong institutions, such as schools, to help revitalize the area.
Comprised the residential zone. - Answer-Were characterized by high levels of
poverty, heterogeneity, and transiency.
According to Shaw and McKay, rates of juvenile crime are highest
In socially disorganized neighborhoods on the outer ring of the city.
In the zone in transition.
In New York as opposed to Chicago.
In African American neighborhoods but not in poor neighborhoods occupied by other
ethnic groups. - Answer-In the zone in transition.
The term that refers to mutual trust and support among residents as well as a
willingness to intervene on the community's behalf (e.g., willing to exercise informal
social control) is
Cognitive landscapes.
Concentrated disadvantage.
Social disorganization.
Collective efficacy. - Answer-Collective efficacy.
Which of the following statements about Shaw and McKay's theory and research is
true?
Contrary to popular opinion, they argued that most delinquents come from homes in
which the parents closely supervise their children.
They argued that kids become delinquent because they experience status
frustration.
They argued that gangs were rare and that most youth committed crimes on their
own.
They argued that delinquency was caused when youths were not controlled by
adults and were exposed to delinquent values taught to them by older kids or adult
criminals. - Answer-They argued that delinquency was caused when youths were not
controlled by adults and were exposed to delinquent values taught to them by older
kids or adult criminals.
To test their theory of collective efficacy, Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls utilized
what sort of data?
They mapped by hand the addresses of all delinquents (known to Cook County
Juvenile Court) in Chicago.
They analyzed survey data from the British Crime Survey.
DEVIANCE TEST BANK EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Lombroso's ideas about the nature of crime and criminals were aligned with which of
the following?
Charles Darwin.
Cesare Beccaria.
Travis Hirschi.
Thomas Hobbes. - Answer-Charles Darwin.
Scientific evaluation of Lombroso's ideas in the early to mid-1990s showed that
Atavism was a robust predictor of crime.
Comparisons of criminals and carefully matched noncriminals failed to support
Lombroso's ideas on the impact of atavistic features.
About half of all offenders fit Lombroso's notion of "born criminals."
Criminals and noncriminals had dramatically different skeletal features but similar
psyches. - Answer-Comparisons of criminals and carefully matched noncriminals
failed to support Lombroso's ideas on the impact of atavistic features.
Lombroso's ideas were later criticized for implying which of the following type of
crime-reduction policies?
Severe punishment, including death.
Swift punishment, without concern for due process.
Selective breeding.
Redistribution-of-wealth policies. - Answer-Selective breeding.
The classical perspective assumes which of the following about offender motivation?
Individuals are differentially motivated to commit crime (i.e., some are motivated,
whereas others are not).
All individuals lack motivation to commit crime; they are inherently social.
Individual motivation to commit crime is stronger in children than in adults.
All individuals are motivated to commit crime through the pursuit of self-interests. -
Answer-All individuals are motivated to commit crime through the pursuit of self-
interests.
Using Burgess's model of concentric zones, which zone is known as the zone in
transition?
Zone 1.
Zone 2.
, Zone 3.
Zone 4. - Answer-Zone 2.
According to the research of Shaw and McKay, inner-city neighborhoods with high
rates of crime
Were characterized by high levels of poverty, heterogeneity, and transiency.
Were characterized by universality of conventional values.
Had strong institutions, such as schools, to help revitalize the area.
Comprised the residential zone. - Answer-Were characterized by high levels of
poverty, heterogeneity, and transiency.
According to Shaw and McKay, rates of juvenile crime are highest
In socially disorganized neighborhoods on the outer ring of the city.
In the zone in transition.
In New York as opposed to Chicago.
In African American neighborhoods but not in poor neighborhoods occupied by other
ethnic groups. - Answer-In the zone in transition.
The term that refers to mutual trust and support among residents as well as a
willingness to intervene on the community's behalf (e.g., willing to exercise informal
social control) is
Cognitive landscapes.
Concentrated disadvantage.
Social disorganization.
Collective efficacy. - Answer-Collective efficacy.
Which of the following statements about Shaw and McKay's theory and research is
true?
Contrary to popular opinion, they argued that most delinquents come from homes in
which the parents closely supervise their children.
They argued that kids become delinquent because they experience status
frustration.
They argued that gangs were rare and that most youth committed crimes on their
own.
They argued that delinquency was caused when youths were not controlled by
adults and were exposed to delinquent values taught to them by older kids or adult
criminals. - Answer-They argued that delinquency was caused when youths were not
controlled by adults and were exposed to delinquent values taught to them by older
kids or adult criminals.
To test their theory of collective efficacy, Sampson, Raudenbush, and Earls utilized
what sort of data?
They mapped by hand the addresses of all delinquents (known to Cook County
Juvenile Court) in Chicago.
They analyzed survey data from the British Crime Survey.
