Human Body In Health And Illness 7th & 8th Chapter
1-27 | Complete Guide A+ Verified (Best Answers)
Latest Update Brand New!!!
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How does an end product inhibit the first enzyme in its pathway?
it binds to site other than active site to cause shape change, which shuts the entire pathway down
Loss of shape =
loss of function
What is energy of activation?
the energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another
molecules frequently do not react with one another unless ____________
activated
the energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another is called what?
energy of activation
Enzymes lower the amount of ___________ required
energy
enzymes lower the energy of ___________
activation
how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
they lower the energy of activation
enzymes bring ________ together
substrates
Do enzymes sometimes participate in the reaction?
yes
what do enzymes bring together?
substrates
Does a lower energy of activation makes it easier or harder to react?
,easier
does a higher energy of activation make it easier or harder to react?
harder
does a lower or higher energy of activation make a reaction occur more easily?
lower
does a lower or higher energy of activation make a reaction occur less easily?
higher
What is turn over number?
how quickly an enzyme processes its substrate to products
What is the term that refers to how quickly an enzyme processes its substrates?
turn over number
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
cold environments slow enzyme activity, warmer environments speed enzyme activity - or denature it if it
gets too hot
What can happen to an enzyme in high temperatures?
denaturation
What affect does substrate or enzyme concentration have on turnover number?
Higher substrate or enzyme concentrations increase turnover number; vice versa
Each enzyme has an optimal _________ and _________ in which it can function.
pH and temperature
Any deviation from the optimal pH of an enzyme will result in what?
it will degrade the turnover number
The naming convention for enzymes is in how many parts?
3
What are the three parts to naming an enzyme?
1. Molecule to which it can attach
2. type of reaction if facilitates
2. Suffix: "-ase"
What suffix do all enzymes share?
-ase
,Based on its name, what does DNA polymerase do?
makes DNA molecules
Based on its name, what does glycogen synthesase do?
synthesizes glycogen (converted from glucose)
The plasma membrane regulates
what enters and exits the cell
plasma membranes are ____________ permeable
selectively
Plasma membranes are selectively ___________
permeable
What does it mean that a plasma membrane is selectively permeable?
some substances pass freely, some transported, and some are prohibited
What are the three ways to enter a cell?
Passive transport, Active transport, and bulk transport
Which type of transport requires no energy
passive transport
Which two types of transport require energy?
active transport and bulk transport
When substances move from higher to lower concentrations, this is _________ transport
passive
_________ transport is when substances move from lower to higher concentration
active
_________ transport is movement independent of gradients
bulk
Does bulk transport require energy?
yes
Energy is required for ___________ and ___________ transport, but not for _________ transport
active, bulk; passive
Is any chemical energy used in diffusion?
, no
describe the process of diffusion
molecules move down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
What are two forms of passive transport?
simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Some molecules are small enough to slip between phospholipids in a membrane. What is this called?
simple diffusion
What is simple diffusion?
molecules pass directly through the plasma membrane without the assistance of another molecule
What is facilitated diffusion?
The diffusion of specific molecules across a membrane through transport proteins
A solution contains both a ___________ and a _________
solute; solvent
Solutes are usually ___________ or ___________, and solvents are usually ___________
solids or gases; liquids
True or False: Channel and carrier proteins are very specific to the molecules they assist across the
membrane
True
What is an example of a molecule that can use simple diffisuion and slip through a membrane?
oxygen
What channel proteins does water use to pass through?
aquaporins
Glucose and amino acids are assisted across the plasma membrane by carrier proteins that change
________ as they pass through
shape
Osmosis often occurs through the channel proteins called __________
aquaporins
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
1-27 | Complete Guide A+ Verified (Best Answers)
Latest Update Brand New!!!
_____________________________________________________________________________________
How does an end product inhibit the first enzyme in its pathway?
it binds to site other than active site to cause shape change, which shuts the entire pathway down
Loss of shape =
loss of function
What is energy of activation?
the energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another
molecules frequently do not react with one another unless ____________
activated
the energy needed to cause molecules to react with one another is called what?
energy of activation
Enzymes lower the amount of ___________ required
energy
enzymes lower the energy of ___________
activation
how do enzymes catalyze reactions?
they lower the energy of activation
enzymes bring ________ together
substrates
Do enzymes sometimes participate in the reaction?
yes
what do enzymes bring together?
substrates
Does a lower energy of activation makes it easier or harder to react?
,easier
does a higher energy of activation make it easier or harder to react?
harder
does a lower or higher energy of activation make a reaction occur more easily?
lower
does a lower or higher energy of activation make a reaction occur less easily?
higher
What is turn over number?
how quickly an enzyme processes its substrate to products
What is the term that refers to how quickly an enzyme processes its substrates?
turn over number
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
cold environments slow enzyme activity, warmer environments speed enzyme activity - or denature it if it
gets too hot
What can happen to an enzyme in high temperatures?
denaturation
What affect does substrate or enzyme concentration have on turnover number?
Higher substrate or enzyme concentrations increase turnover number; vice versa
Each enzyme has an optimal _________ and _________ in which it can function.
pH and temperature
Any deviation from the optimal pH of an enzyme will result in what?
it will degrade the turnover number
The naming convention for enzymes is in how many parts?
3
What are the three parts to naming an enzyme?
1. Molecule to which it can attach
2. type of reaction if facilitates
2. Suffix: "-ase"
What suffix do all enzymes share?
-ase
,Based on its name, what does DNA polymerase do?
makes DNA molecules
Based on its name, what does glycogen synthesase do?
synthesizes glycogen (converted from glucose)
The plasma membrane regulates
what enters and exits the cell
plasma membranes are ____________ permeable
selectively
Plasma membranes are selectively ___________
permeable
What does it mean that a plasma membrane is selectively permeable?
some substances pass freely, some transported, and some are prohibited
What are the three ways to enter a cell?
Passive transport, Active transport, and bulk transport
Which type of transport requires no energy
passive transport
Which two types of transport require energy?
active transport and bulk transport
When substances move from higher to lower concentrations, this is _________ transport
passive
_________ transport is when substances move from lower to higher concentration
active
_________ transport is movement independent of gradients
bulk
Does bulk transport require energy?
yes
Energy is required for ___________ and ___________ transport, but not for _________ transport
active, bulk; passive
Is any chemical energy used in diffusion?
, no
describe the process of diffusion
molecules move down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
What are two forms of passive transport?
simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
Some molecules are small enough to slip between phospholipids in a membrane. What is this called?
simple diffusion
What is simple diffusion?
molecules pass directly through the plasma membrane without the assistance of another molecule
What is facilitated diffusion?
The diffusion of specific molecules across a membrane through transport proteins
A solution contains both a ___________ and a _________
solute; solvent
Solutes are usually ___________ or ___________, and solvents are usually ___________
solids or gases; liquids
True or False: Channel and carrier proteins are very specific to the molecules they assist across the
membrane
True
What is an example of a molecule that can use simple diffisuion and slip through a membrane?
oxygen
What channel proteins does water use to pass through?
aquaporins
Glucose and amino acids are assisted across the plasma membrane by carrier proteins that change
________ as they pass through
shape
Osmosis often occurs through the channel proteins called __________
aquaporins
What is osmosis?
diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane
