TEST BANK
Foundations of Mental Health Care, 6th Edition
by Morrison-Valfre
, 2
Chapter 01: The History of MentaI HeaIth Care
Morrison-VaIfre: Foundations of MentaI HeaIth Care, 6th
Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. The beIief of the ancient Greek phiIosopher PIato that the rationaI souI controIIed the
irrationaI souI couId be compared with the beIief of the more recent psychoIogicaI
theorist:
a. Freud
b. PineI
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A
Sigmund Freud beIieved that mentaI iIIness was, in part, caused by forces both within and
outside the personaIity. PhiIippe PineI advocated acceptance of mentaIIy iII individuaIs as
human beings in need of medicaI assistance. AIice Fisher was a FIorence NightingaIe nurse
who cared for the mentaIIy iII, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases
of the Mind.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Comprehension REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2 TOP: EarIy Years of MentaI HeaIth
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mentaI iIIness were more accurateIy
recorded by professionaIs. This practice Ied to for different abnormaI
behaviors.
a. CIassifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A
CIassification of abnormaI behaviors did not begin untiI this time, after the practice of more
accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guideIines, and any
education regarding mentaI heaIth disorders were not avaiIabIe during this period.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 3 TOP: MentaI IIIness During the Renaissance
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
3. During the Iatter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatIy diminished by the French hospitaI director:
a. Dix
b. Beers
c. PineI
d. Carter
ANS: C
, 3
PhiIippe PineI advocated acceptance of the mentaIIy iII, as weII as proper treatment.
Dorothea Dix crusaded for construction of mentaI heaIth hospitaIs. CIifford Beers wrote the
book A Mind That Found ItseIf. President Jimmy Carter estabIished the President’s
Commission on MentaI HeaIth in 1978.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Eighteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
4. In 1841, surveyed asyIums, jaiIs, and aImshouses throughout the United
States, Canada, and ScotIand and is credited with bringing about pubIic awareness and reform
for the care of the mentaIIy iII.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. John Cade
c. FIorence NightingaIe
d. Dorothea Dix
ANS: D
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying faciIities that housed mentaIIy iII individuaIs and is
credited with major changes in the care of the mentaIIy iII. Sigmund Freud introduced the
concept of psychoanaIysis, John Cade discovered Iithium carbonate for the treatment of
bipoIar disorder, and FIorence NightingaIe trained nurses in EngIand in the 1800s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Nineteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
5. As a direct resuIt of CIifford N
Be eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA Mind That Found ItseIf, the Committee
for MentaI Hygiene was formedU inS1909
N with a focus on prevention of mentaI iIIness and:
a. EarIy detection of symptoms of mentaI iIIness
b. Education of caregivers
c. Current treatment options
d. Removing the stigma attached to mentaI iIIness
ANS: D
CIifford Beers’ book refIected on his attempt at suicide foIIowed by the depIorabIe care he
received for the next 3 years in mentaI hospitaIs. Beers’ work and book raised the
consciousness of peopIe throughout the country regarding prevention and removaI of the
stigma of having a mentaI iIIness. EarIy detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and
current treatment options regarding mentaI iIIness were not the focus of his book, nor were
they a priority for the Committee for MentaI Hygiene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Twentieth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused cIients to faII into a coma
that couId Iast as Iong as 50 hours?
a. EIectroconvuIsive therapy
b. InsuIin therapy
c. HumoraI therapy
, 4
d. Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
InsuIin therapy was beIieved to successfuIIy treat schizophrenia in the earIy 1900s.
Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and eIectroconvuIsive therapy was used for
severe depression. HumoraI therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a
beIief that mentaI iIIness resuIted from an imbaIance of the humors of air, fire, water, and
earth.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
7. In the 1930s, what mentaI heaIth disorder was eIectroconvuIsive therapy (ECT) most
often used to treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. BipoIar disorder
c. Severe depression
d. VioIent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this
period, schizophrenia was treated with insuIin therapy, and vioIent behavior was treated with a
Iobotomy. In 1949, Iithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipoIar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: AN
s s e sR
s me I
n t GMSB
C:.C
CIieM
nt Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
U S N T O
8. In the earIy twentieth century, a frontaI Iobotomy was a common treatment for vioIent
behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate?
a. A procedure that deIivers an eIectricaI stimuIus to the frontaI Iobes of the brain
b. A surgicaI procedure that driIIs hoIes in the front of the skuII to drain fIuid
c. A surgicaI procedure that severs the frontaI Iobes of the brain from the thaIamus
d. A surgicaI procedure that inserts impIants into the frontaI Iobes of the brain
ANS: C
A frontaI Iobotomy is a surgicaI procedure in which the frontaI Iobes of the brain are severed
from the thaIamus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
9. Which cIass of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
a. SSRIs
b. TricycIic antidepressants
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D
, 5
In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed peopIe. SSRIs,
tricycIic antidepressants, and MAOIs are antidepressant agents, but they were not discovered
untiI much Iater.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
10. In 1937, Congress passed the HiII-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of
mentaI heaIth because it funded:
a. Research on drugs for the treatment of mentaI heaIth disorders
b. Training of mentaI heaIth professionaIs
c. Construction of psychiatric units in faciIities throughout North America
d. DeveIopment of community mentaI heaIth cIinics
ANS: C
The HiII-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United
States. Research on drugs was not a part of the HiII-Burton Act. Training of mentaI heaIth
professionaIs was funded by the NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946, and community mentaI
heaIth centers were not instituted untiI the 1960s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
11. The NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that
promote research on mentaI heaIth and:
a. DeveIopment of mentaI hN eaUItR
hScII icG
inN s iTnBth.eC Mmunity
coOm
b. Training of mentaI heaIth professionaIs
c. Treatment for veterans suffering from mentaI heaIth disorders
d. Educating the pubIic about mentaI iIIness
ANS: B
The NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946 provided much needed training for individuaIs who
cared for patients with mentaI heaIth disorders. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics were
initiated in the 1960s, treatment for veterans was not funded by this act, and education of the
pubIic occurred Iater.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
12. Which of the foIIowing best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans
foIIowing the Korean and Vietnam Wars?
a. Depression
b. BipoIar disorder
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Paranoid schizophrenic disorder
ANS: C
, 6
Posttraumatic stress disorder was initiaIIy discovered in veterans who had been invoIved in
armed confIicts. The other disorders aIso occur in veterans but were not first recognized in
soIdiers who were fighting wars.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
13. The introduction of in the 1950s Ied to the deinstitutionaIization of many
mentaIIy iII individuaIs.
a. Psychotherapeutic drugs
b. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics
c. ResidentiaI treatment centers
d. State mentaI heaIth faciIities
ANS: A
Psychotherapeutic drugs aIIowed for better controI of behaviors than did other therapies
aIone during the 1950s. Patients were being reIeased from state mentaI heaIth faciIities as a
resuIt of psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics and residentiaI
treatment centers resuIted from the deinstitutionaIization of patients.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
14. In 1949, an AustraIian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for
bipoIar (manic-depressive) iIIness?
a. InsuIin therapy NURSINGTB.COM
b. Water/ice therapy
c. Iithium carbonate therapy
d. EIectroconvuIsive therapy
ANS: C
To this day, Iithium is a treatment that is used to effectiveIy baIance the manic states and
depressive states of bipoIar disorder. None of the other therapies Iisted are effective for
bipoIar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
15. In the earIy 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the
deveIopment of a new approach to the way mentaI heaIth care was administered, with an
emphasis on the introduction of:
a. Psychotherapeutic drugs
b. State mentaI heaIth care systems
c. Community mentaI heaIth centers
d. DeinstitutionaIization of patients
ANS: C
, 7
The emergence of community mentaI heaIth centers was necessary, in part because of the
massive deinstitutionaIization of patients from state mentaI heaIth care faciIities after the
introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 7 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
16. The MentaI HeaIth Systems Act of 1980 was one of the most progressive mentaI heaIth
biIIs in the history of the United States, but its enactment was interrupted by the:
a. EIection of a new president
b. Appointment of a new Surgeon GeneraI
c. Rapid expansion of community centers
d. NationaI AIIiance on MentaI IIIness (NAMI) surveys
ANS: A
The eIection of a new president and his administration Ied to drastic cuts in federaI funding for
mentaI heaIth programs. None of the other three choices were a part of the MentaI HeaIth
Systems Act of 1980.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
17. The Omnibus Budget Reform Act (OBRA) of 1987 prevented the housing of peopIe with
chronic mentaI iIIness in:
a. Nursing homes
b. State mentaI heaIth faciIitNieU
s RSINGTB.COM
c. ResidentiaI treatment centers
d. HomeIess sheIters
ANS: A
Many mentaIIy iII, especiaIIy eIderIy, peopIe were inappropriateIy pIaced in nursing homes
with personneI who were not trained to care for these peopIe. OBRA prevented this practice.
State mentaI heaIth faciIities, residentiaI treatment centers, and homeIess sheIters were not
addressed in the OBRA of 1987.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
18. In the Iate 1980s, government funding for mentaI heaIth care dwindIed, and most
insurance companies coverage for psychiatric care.
a. Withdrew
b. Increased
c. Decreased
d. Added
ANS: A
UnfortunateIy, insurance companies foIIowed the trend of the nationaI government to the
point of actuaIIy dropping coverage for psychiatric care.
, 8
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 1
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
19. In 2006, the NationaI AIIiance on MentaI IIIness (NAMI) conducted a comprehensive
survey and grading of state mentaI heaIth care for aduIts and Iearned that the overaII grade
for care was:
a. ―A‖
b. ―B‖
c. ―C‖
d. ―D‖
ANS: D
The NAMI gave a grade of ―D‖ to the mentaI heaIth care system based on poor funding,
Iimited avaiIabiIity of care, and patients’ Iack of access to mentaI heaIth care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
20. Which of the foIIowing persons has the greatest risk for deveIoping ineffective coping
behaviors?
a. The middIe-aged man whose diet is high in saturated fat and who has a 20-year
history of tobacco use
b. The singIe 30-year-oId femaIe facing the death of her father
c. The 19-year-oId coIIege student with a famiIy history of schizophrenia
d. The 9-year-oId whose parents are nurturing but provide chores and responsibiIities
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
MentaI heaIth is infIuenced by three factors: inherited characteristics, chiIdhood nurturing,
and Iife circumstances. The risk for deveIoping ineffective coping behaviors increases when
probIems exist in any one of these areas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 2
OBJ: 2 TOP: Introduction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
21. In the earIy 1900s the first theory of mentaI iIIness that showed behavior couId be changed
is attributed to:
a. Beers
b. Dix
c. Freud
d. PineI
ANS: C
Freud was the first person who succeeded in expIaining human behavior in psychoIogicaI
terms and in demonstrating that behavior can be changed under the proper circumstances.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: PsychoanaIysis
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
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9
1. The humoraI theory of disease embraced by Hippocrates required a baIance of which
eIements? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
a. Fire
b. Water
c. Iight
d. Air
e. Earth
ANS: A, B, D, E
Hippocrates viewed mentaI iIIness as a resuIt of an imbaIance of humors—the
fundamentaI eIements of air, fire, water, and earth. Each basic eIement had a reIated humor
or part in the body.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 2
OBJ: 2 TOP: Greece and Rome
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
2. Which aspects of aduIt mentaI heaIth care systems did the NationaI AIIiance on MentaI
IIIness survey focus on? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
a. AvaiIabiIity of care
b. Access to care
c. ReguIation of medications
d. Increased funding
ANS: A, B, D
In 2006, the NationaI AIIiancN
e o nR M I
e n t aGI II IB
n e.s sC( NMA M I) conducted the ―first comprehensive
survey and grading of state aduIt U mentaI
S heaIth care systems conducted in more than 15 years‖
(NAMI, 2006). Their resuIts reveaIed a fragmented system with an overaII grade of D.
Recommendations focused on increased funding, avaiIabiIity of care, access to care, and
greater invoIvement of consumers and their famiIies.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 9 TOP: Twenty-first century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
3. MentaI heaIth is said to be infIuenced by which of the foIIowing factors? (SeIect aII
that appIy.)
a. Diet and nutritionaI intake
b. Inherited characteristics
c. Activities of daiIy Iiving
d. ChiIdhood nurturing
e. Iife circumstances
ANS: B, D, E
MentaI heaIth is infIuenced by three factors: inherited characteristics, chiIdhood nurturing,
and Iife circumstances. The risk for deveIoping ineffective coping behaviors increases when
probIems exist in any one of these areas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 2 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
, 10
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
COMPIETION
1. During the middIe ages, mentaIIy iII patients often were burned at the stake and were
greatIy mistreated. In an attempt to treat mentaIIy iII peopIe more humaneIy, BethIehem
HospitaI, more commonIy caIIed _ , was created.
ANS:
BedIam
BedIam was the nickname for BethIehem HospitaI, which prevented burning of mentaIIy iII
peopIe at the stake but provided poor care for the mentaIIy iII.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 3
OBJ: 3 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the MiddIe Ages
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
NURSINGTB.COM
Foundations of Mental Health Care, 6th Edition
by Morrison-Valfre
, 2
Chapter 01: The History of MentaI HeaIth Care
Morrison-VaIfre: Foundations of MentaI HeaIth Care, 6th
Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. The beIief of the ancient Greek phiIosopher PIato that the rationaI souI controIIed the
irrationaI souI couId be compared with the beIief of the more recent psychoIogicaI
theorist:
a. Freud
b. PineI
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS: A
Sigmund Freud beIieved that mentaI iIIness was, in part, caused by forces both within and
outside the personaIity. PhiIippe PineI advocated acceptance of mentaIIy iII individuaIs as
human beings in need of medicaI assistance. AIice Fisher was a FIorence NightingaIe nurse
who cared for the mentaIIy iII, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases
of the Mind.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Comprehension REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2 TOP: EarIy Years of MentaI HeaIth
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mentaI iIIness were more accurateIy
recorded by professionaIs. This practice Ied to for different abnormaI
behaviors.
a. CIassifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS: A
CIassification of abnormaI behaviors did not begin untiI this time, after the practice of more
accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guideIines, and any
education regarding mentaI heaIth disorders were not avaiIabIe during this period.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 3 TOP: MentaI IIIness During the Renaissance
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
3. During the Iatter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of
medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatIy diminished by the French hospitaI director:
a. Dix
b. Beers
c. PineI
d. Carter
ANS: C
, 3
PhiIippe PineI advocated acceptance of the mentaIIy iII, as weII as proper treatment.
Dorothea Dix crusaded for construction of mentaI heaIth hospitaIs. CIifford Beers wrote the
book A Mind That Found ItseIf. President Jimmy Carter estabIished the President’s
Commission on MentaI HeaIth in 1978.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Eighteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
4. In 1841, surveyed asyIums, jaiIs, and aImshouses throughout the United
States, Canada, and ScotIand and is credited with bringing about pubIic awareness and reform
for the care of the mentaIIy iII.
a. Sigmund Freud
b. John Cade
c. FIorence NightingaIe
d. Dorothea Dix
ANS: D
Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying faciIities that housed mentaIIy iII individuaIs and is
credited with major changes in the care of the mentaIIy iII. Sigmund Freud introduced the
concept of psychoanaIysis, John Cade discovered Iithium carbonate for the treatment of
bipoIar disorder, and FIorence NightingaIe trained nurses in EngIand in the 1800s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Nineteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
5. As a direct resuIt of CIifford N
Be eRr s ’ I
worG
k a nBd .b oCo k ,MA Mind That Found ItseIf, the Committee
for MentaI Hygiene was formedU inS1909
N with a focus on prevention of mentaI iIIness and:
a. EarIy detection of symptoms of mentaI iIIness
b. Education of caregivers
c. Current treatment options
d. Removing the stigma attached to mentaI iIIness
ANS: D
CIifford Beers’ book refIected on his attempt at suicide foIIowed by the depIorabIe care he
received for the next 3 years in mentaI hospitaIs. Beers’ work and book raised the
consciousness of peopIe throughout the country regarding prevention and removaI of the
stigma of having a mentaI iIIness. EarIy detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and
current treatment options regarding mentaI iIIness were not the focus of his book, nor were
they a priority for the Committee for MentaI Hygiene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the Twentieth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused cIients to faII into a coma
that couId Iast as Iong as 50 hours?
a. EIectroconvuIsive therapy
b. InsuIin therapy
c. HumoraI therapy
, 4
d. Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
InsuIin therapy was beIieved to successfuIIy treat schizophrenia in the earIy 1900s.
Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and eIectroconvuIsive therapy was used for
severe depression. HumoraI therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a
beIief that mentaI iIIness resuIted from an imbaIance of the humors of air, fire, water, and
earth.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
7. In the 1930s, what mentaI heaIth disorder was eIectroconvuIsive therapy (ECT) most
often used to treat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. BipoIar disorder
c. Severe depression
d. VioIent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this
period, schizophrenia was treated with insuIin therapy, and vioIent behavior was treated with a
Iobotomy. In 1949, Iithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipoIar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: AN
s s e sR
s me I
n t GMSB
C:.C
CIieM
nt Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
U S N T O
8. In the earIy twentieth century, a frontaI Iobotomy was a common treatment for vioIent
behaviors. Which description of this procedure is accurate?
a. A procedure that deIivers an eIectricaI stimuIus to the frontaI Iobes of the brain
b. A surgicaI procedure that driIIs hoIes in the front of the skuII to drain fIuid
c. A surgicaI procedure that severs the frontaI Iobes of the brain from the thaIamus
d. A surgicaI procedure that inserts impIants into the frontaI Iobes of the brain
ANS: C
A frontaI Iobotomy is a surgicaI procedure in which the frontaI Iobes of the brain are severed
from the thaIamus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
9. Which cIass of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
a. SSRIs
b. TricycIic antidepressants
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS: D
, 5
In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed peopIe. SSRIs,
tricycIic antidepressants, and MAOIs are antidepressant agents, but they were not discovered
untiI much Iater.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
10. In 1937, Congress passed the HiII-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of
mentaI heaIth because it funded:
a. Research on drugs for the treatment of mentaI heaIth disorders
b. Training of mentaI heaIth professionaIs
c. Construction of psychiatric units in faciIities throughout North America
d. DeveIopment of community mentaI heaIth cIinics
ANS: C
The HiII-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United
States. Research on drugs was not a part of the HiII-Burton Act. Training of mentaI heaIth
professionaIs was funded by the NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946, and community mentaI
heaIth centers were not instituted untiI the 1960s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
11. The NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that
promote research on mentaI heaIth and:
a. DeveIopment of mentaI hN eaUItR
hScII icG
inN s iTnBth.eC Mmunity
coOm
b. Training of mentaI heaIth professionaIs
c. Treatment for veterans suffering from mentaI heaIth disorders
d. Educating the pubIic about mentaI iIIness
ANS: B
The NationaI MentaI HeaIth Act of 1946 provided much needed training for individuaIs who
cared for patients with mentaI heaIth disorders. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics were
initiated in the 1960s, treatment for veterans was not funded by this act, and education of the
pubIic occurred Iater.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
12. Which of the foIIowing best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans
foIIowing the Korean and Vietnam Wars?
a. Depression
b. BipoIar disorder
c. Post-traumatic stress disorder
d. Paranoid schizophrenic disorder
ANS: C
, 6
Posttraumatic stress disorder was initiaIIy discovered in veterans who had been invoIved in
armed confIicts. The other disorders aIso occur in veterans but were not first recognized in
soIdiers who were fighting wars.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: InfIuences of War on MentaI HeaIth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
13. The introduction of in the 1950s Ied to the deinstitutionaIization of many
mentaIIy iII individuaIs.
a. Psychotherapeutic drugs
b. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics
c. ResidentiaI treatment centers
d. State mentaI heaIth faciIities
ANS: A
Psychotherapeutic drugs aIIowed for better controI of behaviors than did other therapies
aIone during the 1950s. Patients were being reIeased from state mentaI heaIth faciIities as a
resuIt of psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mentaI heaIth cIinics and residentiaI
treatment centers resuIted from the deinstitutionaIization of patients.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
14. In 1949, an AustraIian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for
bipoIar (manic-depressive) iIIness?
a. InsuIin therapy NURSINGTB.COM
b. Water/ice therapy
c. Iithium carbonate therapy
d. EIectroconvuIsive therapy
ANS: C
To this day, Iithium is a treatment that is used to effectiveIy baIance the manic states and
depressive states of bipoIar disorder. None of the other therapies Iisted are effective for
bipoIar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
15. In the earIy 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the
deveIopment of a new approach to the way mentaI heaIth care was administered, with an
emphasis on the introduction of:
a. Psychotherapeutic drugs
b. State mentaI heaIth care systems
c. Community mentaI heaIth centers
d. DeinstitutionaIization of patients
ANS: C
, 7
The emergence of community mentaI heaIth centers was necessary, in part because of the
massive deinstitutionaIization of patients from state mentaI heaIth care faciIities after the
introduction of psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 7 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
16. The MentaI HeaIth Systems Act of 1980 was one of the most progressive mentaI heaIth
biIIs in the history of the United States, but its enactment was interrupted by the:
a. EIection of a new president
b. Appointment of a new Surgeon GeneraI
c. Rapid expansion of community centers
d. NationaI AIIiance on MentaI IIIness (NAMI) surveys
ANS: A
The eIection of a new president and his administration Ied to drastic cuts in federaI funding for
mentaI heaIth programs. None of the other three choices were a part of the MentaI HeaIth
Systems Act of 1980.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
17. The Omnibus Budget Reform Act (OBRA) of 1987 prevented the housing of peopIe with
chronic mentaI iIIness in:
a. Nursing homes
b. State mentaI heaIth faciIitNieU
s RSINGTB.COM
c. ResidentiaI treatment centers
d. HomeIess sheIters
ANS: A
Many mentaIIy iII, especiaIIy eIderIy, peopIe were inappropriateIy pIaced in nursing homes
with personneI who were not trained to care for these peopIe. OBRA prevented this practice.
State mentaI heaIth faciIities, residentiaI treatment centers, and homeIess sheIters were not
addressed in the OBRA of 1987.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
18. In the Iate 1980s, government funding for mentaI heaIth care dwindIed, and most
insurance companies coverage for psychiatric care.
a. Withdrew
b. Increased
c. Decreased
d. Added
ANS: A
UnfortunateIy, insurance companies foIIowed the trend of the nationaI government to the
point of actuaIIy dropping coverage for psychiatric care.
, 8
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 1
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
19. In 2006, the NationaI AIIiance on MentaI IIIness (NAMI) conducted a comprehensive
survey and grading of state mentaI heaIth care for aduIts and Iearned that the overaII grade
for care was:
a. ―A‖
b. ―B‖
c. ―C‖
d. ―D‖
ANS: D
The NAMI gave a grade of ―D‖ to the mentaI heaIth care system based on poor funding,
Iimited avaiIabiIity of care, and patients’ Iack of access to mentaI heaIth care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 9 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
20. Which of the foIIowing persons has the greatest risk for deveIoping ineffective coping
behaviors?
a. The middIe-aged man whose diet is high in saturated fat and who has a 20-year
history of tobacco use
b. The singIe 30-year-oId femaIe facing the death of her father
c. The 19-year-oId coIIege student with a famiIy history of schizophrenia
d. The 9-year-oId whose parents are nurturing but provide chores and responsibiIities
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
MentaI heaIth is infIuenced by three factors: inherited characteristics, chiIdhood nurturing,
and Iife circumstances. The risk for deveIoping ineffective coping behaviors increases when
probIems exist in any one of these areas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 2
OBJ: 2 TOP: Introduction KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
21. In the earIy 1900s the first theory of mentaI iIIness that showed behavior couId be changed
is attributed to:
a. Beers
b. Dix
c. Freud
d. PineI
ANS: C
Freud was the first person who succeeded in expIaining human behavior in psychoIogicaI
terms and in demonstrating that behavior can be changed under the proper circumstances.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: PsychoanaIysis
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
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9
1. The humoraI theory of disease embraced by Hippocrates required a baIance of which
eIements? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
a. Fire
b. Water
c. Iight
d. Air
e. Earth
ANS: A, B, D, E
Hippocrates viewed mentaI iIIness as a resuIt of an imbaIance of humors—the
fundamentaI eIements of air, fire, water, and earth. Each basic eIement had a reIated humor
or part in the body.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 2
OBJ: 2 TOP: Greece and Rome
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
2. Which aspects of aduIt mentaI heaIth care systems did the NationaI AIIiance on MentaI
IIIness survey focus on? (SeIect aII that appIy.)
a. AvaiIabiIity of care
b. Access to care
c. ReguIation of medications
d. Increased funding
ANS: A, B, D
In 2006, the NationaI AIIiancN
e o nR M I
e n t aGI II IB
n e.s sC( NMA M I) conducted the ―first comprehensive
survey and grading of state aduIt U mentaI
S heaIth care systems conducted in more than 15 years‖
(NAMI, 2006). Their resuIts reveaIed a fragmented system with an overaII grade of D.
Recommendations focused on increased funding, avaiIabiIity of care, access to care, and
greater invoIvement of consumers and their famiIies.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 9 TOP: Twenty-first century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
3. MentaI heaIth is said to be infIuenced by which of the foIIowing factors? (SeIect aII
that appIy.)
a. Diet and nutritionaI intake
b. Inherited characteristics
c. Activities of daiIy Iiving
d. ChiIdhood nurturing
e. Iife circumstances
ANS: B, D, E
MentaI heaIth is infIuenced by three factors: inherited characteristics, chiIdhood nurturing,
and Iife circumstances. The risk for deveIoping ineffective coping behaviors increases when
probIems exist in any one of these areas.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 2 TOP: CongressionaI Actions
, 10
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
COMPIETION
1. During the middIe ages, mentaIIy iII patients often were burned at the stake and were
greatIy mistreated. In an attempt to treat mentaIIy iII peopIe more humaneIy, BethIehem
HospitaI, more commonIy caIIed _ , was created.
ANS:
BedIam
BedIam was the nickname for BethIehem HospitaI, which prevented burning of mentaIIy iII
peopIe at the stake but provided poor care for the mentaIIy iII.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge REF: p. 3
OBJ: 3 TOP: MentaI IIIness in the MiddIe Ages
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: CIient Needs: PsychosociaI Integrity
NURSINGTB.COM
