1. Case Study: A 65-year-old female presents with dizziness, a
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected in
this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and sensory
changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a possible
cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the patient’s
blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood glucose.
,3. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the alveoli in
the lungs.
4. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3 and
T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
, 5. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with a history of
joint pain, morning stiffness, and swollen joints. Blood tests show
positive rheumatoid factor.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient's joint
symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Gout
D. Lupus
Answer: B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes
joint inflammation and is commonly associated with a positive
rheumatoid factor.
6. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm and
jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a myocardial
infarction (heart attack).
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected in
this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and sensory
changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a possible
cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the patient’s
blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood glucose.
,3. Case Study: A 45-year-old male presents with shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough. He has a history of
smoking and a family history of respiratory issues.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
A. Emphysema
B. Pneumonia
C. Bronchitis
D. Asthma
Answer: A. Emphysema
Rationale: Emphysema, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), is common in smokers and can cause shortness of
breath, wheezing, and a chronic cough due to damage to the alveoli in
the lungs.
4. Case Study: A 25-year-old female presents with fatigue, cold
intolerance, and weight gain. Laboratory tests show elevated TSH
levels and low T3 and T4 levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Diabetes Mellitus
D. Addison's Disease
Answer: B. Hypothyroidism
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms and lab results suggest
hypothyroidism, characterized by low thyroid hormone levels (T3 and
T4) and elevated TSH as the body attempts to compensate.
, 5. Case Study: A 50-year-old female presents with a history of
joint pain, morning stiffness, and swollen joints. Blood tests show
positive rheumatoid factor.
Question: What is the most likely cause of this patient's joint
symptoms?
A. Osteoarthritis
B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
C. Gout
D. Lupus
Answer: B. Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rationale: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes
joint inflammation and is commonly associated with a positive
rheumatoid factor.
6. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of
severe chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw. He is sweaty
and anxious.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Aortic aneurysm
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Gastritis
Answer: B. Myocardial infarction
Rationale: The symptoms of chest pain radiating to the left arm and
jaw, along with sweating and anxiety, are classic signs of a myocardial
infarction (heart attack).
