, Test Bank, Chapter 1 mi mi mi
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ss and passed the trait to their offspring
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o accommodate lower oxygen levels
mi mi mi mi
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) are homologous traits
mi mi
(b) arose through convergent evolution
mi mi mi
(c) are the result of natural selection
mi mi mi mi mi
(d) b and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all are correct
mi mi
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
mi mi mi mi mi
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) are homologous traits
mi mi
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
d whales
mi
(d) all are correct
mi mi
(e) none are correct mi mi
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
mi mi mi mi
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
like teeth or baleen
mi mi mi
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
of extinct land mammals
mi mi mi
(d) a and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) b and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
mi mi mi
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
mi mi mi mi
(c) the lack of hindlegs
mi mi mi
(d) peg-like teeth mi
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) DNA evidence mi
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
of time in the water
mi mi mi mi
(d) a and b are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all of the above
mi mi mi
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) changes in sea temperature mi mi mi
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
mi mi mi mi mi
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o rapidly:
mi
(a) they have a high mutation rate
mi mi mi mi mi
(b) they have a high replication rate
mi mi mi mi mi
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
mi mi mi mi
(d) none of the above mi mi mi
(e) all of the above
mi mi mi
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
g resistance in a virus:
mi mi mi mi
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
be resistant mi
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
his virion mi
(d) all of the above
mi mi mi
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
n would be inaccurate if:
mi mi mi mi
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(d) none of the above mi mi mi
, 11. New mutations: mi
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) are rare in a population
mi mi mi mi
(d) a and b are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all are correct
mi mi
12. Evolution occurs when: mi mi
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from o
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ne generation to the next
mi mi mi mi
(c) a and b are both correct
mi mi mi mi mi
(d) Neither a or b is correct mi mi mi mi mi
Short answer/essay.
mi
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
n stop growing.
mi mi
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sen
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
se if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
mi mi mi mi mi
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
m i mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
mi mi mi mi mi mi
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotope
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
s have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutro
mi mi mi mi m i mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ns (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thu
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi m i
s, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiti
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ng freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determi
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ne whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive succe
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ss and passed the trait to their offspring
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o accommodate lower oxygen levels
mi mi mi mi
(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) are homologous traits
mi mi
(b) arose through convergent evolution
mi mi mi
(c) are the result of natural selection
mi mi mi mi mi
(d) b and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all are correct
mi mi
3. Mammary glands in whales and humans:
mi mi mi mi mi
(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) are homologous traits
mi mi
(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
d whales
mi
(d) all are correct
mi mi
(e) none are correct mi mi
4. Based on current fossil evidence:
mi mi mi mi
(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
like teeth or baleen
mi mi mi
(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
of extinct land mammals
mi mi mi
(d) a and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) b and c are correct
mi mi mi mi
5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
Indohyus to cetaceans is:
mi mi mi
(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
mi mi mi mi
(c) the lack of hindlegs
mi mi mi
(d) peg-like teeth mi
,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) DNA evidence mi
(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
of time in the water
mi mi mi mi
(d) a and b are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all of the above
mi mi mi
7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food f
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
or animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) changes in sea temperature mi mi mi
(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
mi mi mi mi mi
(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve s
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
o rapidly:
mi
(a) they have a high mutation rate
mi mi mi mi mi
(b) they have a high replication rate
mi mi mi mi mi
(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
mi mi mi mi
(d) none of the above mi mi mi
(e) all of the above
mi mi mi
9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of dru
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
g resistance in a virus:
mi mi mi mi
(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
be resistant mi
(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
his virion mi
(d) all of the above
mi mi mi
10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
n would be inaccurate if:
mi mi mi mi
(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineages
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(d) none of the above mi mi mi
, 11. New mutations: mi
(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(c) are rare in a population
mi mi mi mi
(d) a and b are correct
mi mi mi mi
(e) all are correct
mi mi
12. Evolution occurs when: mi mi
(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from o
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ne generation to the next
mi mi mi mi
(c) a and b are both correct
mi mi mi mi mi
(d) Neither a or b is correct mi mi mi mi mi
Short answer/essay.
mi
1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetacean
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
s that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
n stop growing.
mi mi
2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sen
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
se if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
mi mi mi mi mi
3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artiod
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
actyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hin
m i mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
dlimbs.
2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinc
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
t whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
mi mi mi mi mi mi
Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotope
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
s have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutro
mi mi mi mi m i mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ns (heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
more heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thu
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi m i
s, by measuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
whales, and comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiti
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ng freshwater or seawater environments, scientists were able to determi
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
ne whether extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi mi
