Civil FE exam Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Gradient - ✔✔vector that points in the direction of maximum rate of change
Acidity - ✔✔measure of acids in solution
caused by the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3) from carbon dioxide in the air.
4.5<pH, carbonic acid ionized to form bicarbonate
8.3<pH, carbonate ions form
Alkalinity - ✔✔negative ions
ability of water to neutralize acids (absorb hydrogen ions)
Principal Alkaline ions - ✔✔OH- CO3-- HCO3-
Water hardness - ✔✔positive ions
presence of polyvalent metallic cations
total hardness - ✔✔sum of magnesium and calcium expressed as mg/L CaCO3
Carbonate hardness - ✔✔cations from dissolution of calcium or magnesium carbonate
and bicarbonate in water
Non carbonate hardness - ✔✔Also called permanent hardness
catiion from calcium and magnesium compounts of sulfate chloride or silicate
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Irons effect in water - ✔✔stains porcelain
brown clothing
titration analysis
Manganese effect in water - ✔✔same as iron
Phosphorus effect in water - ✔✔algae
caloremic digestion methods
Nitrogen effect in water - ✔✔can reach large concentration of groundwater
can cause blue baby syndrome
algae
water color - ✔✔caused by true color substances
compared to cobolt
turbidity - ✔✔light transmission
total solids - ✔✔residue after evaporation
total suspended solids - ✔✔retained on filter
total dissolved solids - ✔✔pass through standard filter
halogenated compounds - ✔✔carcinogen
Pretreatment - ✔✔preliminary treatment is all processes prior to floculation
National Primary Water drinking regulations apply to every public water supply
serving at least how many service connections? - ✔✔15
Molar Nitrogen to Phosphorus ration for ideal algae growth - ✔✔16:1
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
100% Pass
Gradient - ✔✔vector that points in the direction of maximum rate of change
Acidity - ✔✔measure of acids in solution
caused by the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3) from carbon dioxide in the air.
4.5<pH, carbonic acid ionized to form bicarbonate
8.3<pH, carbonate ions form
Alkalinity - ✔✔negative ions
ability of water to neutralize acids (absorb hydrogen ions)
Principal Alkaline ions - ✔✔OH- CO3-- HCO3-
Water hardness - ✔✔positive ions
presence of polyvalent metallic cations
total hardness - ✔✔sum of magnesium and calcium expressed as mg/L CaCO3
Carbonate hardness - ✔✔cations from dissolution of calcium or magnesium carbonate
and bicarbonate in water
Non carbonate hardness - ✔✔Also called permanent hardness
catiion from calcium and magnesium compounts of sulfate chloride or silicate
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Irons effect in water - ✔✔stains porcelain
brown clothing
titration analysis
Manganese effect in water - ✔✔same as iron
Phosphorus effect in water - ✔✔algae
caloremic digestion methods
Nitrogen effect in water - ✔✔can reach large concentration of groundwater
can cause blue baby syndrome
algae
water color - ✔✔caused by true color substances
compared to cobolt
turbidity - ✔✔light transmission
total solids - ✔✔residue after evaporation
total suspended solids - ✔✔retained on filter
total dissolved solids - ✔✔pass through standard filter
halogenated compounds - ✔✔carcinogen
Pretreatment - ✔✔preliminary treatment is all processes prior to floculation
National Primary Water drinking regulations apply to every public water supply
serving at least how many service connections? - ✔✔15
Molar Nitrogen to Phosphorus ration for ideal algae growth - ✔✔16:1
© EMILY CHARLENE YEAR 2025-2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
