Fluoroscopy AAPA Test Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026 Graded A+
Gray - Answers The SI unit of the absorbed dose is the:
Relative biological effectiveness - Answers Is a term used to compare the effects of radiation on living
systems:
80% - Answers What percentage of a cell is water?
Tunica Fibrosa - Answers What is the protective layer of the eyeball, or globe?
The lubricating effects of blinking - Answers What is an orbital defense against infection?
1-2 weeks - Answers Older, damaged cells of the corneal epithelium are shed from the eye during
blinking or tearing. The cells is this layer are repopulated how often?
1. Fiber cells contain more cholesterol than any other than any other cell in the human body.
2. Fiber cells produce crystallin, a protein that helps determine how well the lens refracts light.
3. The loss of fiber cells contributes to the formation of cataracts. - Answers What 3 things are true
about the fiber cells of the lens?
Neuron ganglia - Answers Which structures trigger aversion reflexes when potentially dangerous intense
light hits the retina?
Photoreceptor Transduction - Answers What is the process by which rod and cone cells transform light
energy into nerve impulses?
What are characteristics of deterministic radiation effects? - Answers 1. The severity of damage to tissue
is dose dependent.
2. A dose threshold exists such that the probability of damage from low doses is negligible.
True - Answers True or false: radiation-induced cataracts can result from a single high dose or from
chronic low-dose exposure of the lens, which is why occupational exposures over time represent a
major concern for fluoroscopy operators.
Linear no-threshold - Answers The as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is based on what
model?
10 - Answers Children are up to how many times more sensitive to tissue and DNA damage from ionizing
radiation than are adults?
5% per Sv - Answers The risk of any radiation-induced cancer from a single fluoroscopic exam is what
percent per Sv?
,Sebaceous Carcinoma - Answers According to the article, which cancer of the eyelid has been linked to
ionizing radiation and ultraviolet sunlight?
Keratitis - Answers What is another name for corneal ulcers?
False - Answers True or false: a single well-defined lower dose threshold has been established for
radiation cataracts.
20 mSv - Answers According to the International Commision on Radiological Protection, the annual limit
for occupational exposure to the eye lens is how many mSv?
1.3 to 2 Gy - Answers Based on studies of atomic bomb survivors published in the 1960s, experts believe
that radiation cataract formation requires a single dose of 1.3Gy to what?
Procedures are more complex and time consuming - Answers Why have radiation doses and reports of
significant tissue injury from interventional fluoroscopy procedures increased over the last two decades?
1. Duration
2. Distance
3. Protection - Answers What 3 principles are used to manage radiation exposure to patients and
healthcare personnel?
Kerma-area product (KAP) - Answers With respect to fluoroscopic dosimeter, which measurement is
calculated as the air kerma across the x-ray beam and is used as a proxy for patient dose?
22% - Answers Switching from continuous fluoroscopy mode to pulsed mode of 15 pulses per secon can
reduce the radiation dose by how many percent?
1. Peak skin dose exceeds 3,000 mGy
2. Reference point air kerma exceeds 5,000 mGy
3. Kerma area product exceeds 500 Gy x cm2
4.Fluoroscopic procedure duration exceeds 1 hour - Answers Patients should be monitored for radiation
injury if any one of the following sentinel events occurs?
Bystander effects - Answers Radiation can cause what kind of complex cellular effects in which the
exposure of a given cell population affects radio sensitivity of other cells?
Patients who are likely to receive a radiation dose to the lens, thyroid breast or reproductive organs and
who are pregnant, who have small or very large body masses (body weight <10kg or >135 kg) or who are
children, adolescents, or young adults are at greater risk, particularly from high-dose procedures. -
Answers Which characteristics can affect the risk of radiation injury to the eyes, particularly from high
dose procedures?
, Tunica Vasculosa - Answers The Uvea-the middle layer of the eye orb. This layer contains the eye's
vasculature, as well as its pigmented iris.
Tunica Nervosa - Answers The innermost primary layer of the eye, named for the optic nerve and the
fact that it originates as an outgrowth of the developing fetal brain
The scapular and subscapular areas, the right lateral trunk below the axilla, the midback and the right
anterolateral chest - Answers Where are the most common locations of fluoroscopy-associated
radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures?
1. kVp
2. mA
3. Pulse Width - Answers Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate entrance
exposure at the image receptor that minimizes patient entrance dose?
70% - Answers Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm copper
filter reduces the dose by how many percent?
50% - Answers How much does a 0.2-mm copper filter reduce exposure?
Increases - Answers Three to five magnification modes usually are available on most image intensifiers.
What does the dose typically do with greater magnification?
15 times more - Answers Fluoroscopy operators should use the acquisition, or cine, mode sparingly
because about how many times more radiation per frame is needed to obtain diagnostic quality images
than the fluoroscopy mode?
1. They offer less image distortion
2. They have a wider dynamic range and better uniform contrast resolution over the entire image
3. The equipment allows imaging staff to move patients easily and provides more space for practitioners
to maneuver
The cost is a drawback, however. They are much more expensive than image intensifier systems -
Answers What are the advantages of a flat-panel detector fluoroscopy system?
1. Last image hold
2. Gray-scale processing
3. Temporal frame averaging and edge enhancement - Answers Image processing techniques available
with digital fluoroscopy include what?
Gray - Answers The SI unit of the absorbed dose is the:
Relative biological effectiveness - Answers Is a term used to compare the effects of radiation on living
systems:
80% - Answers What percentage of a cell is water?
Tunica Fibrosa - Answers What is the protective layer of the eyeball, or globe?
The lubricating effects of blinking - Answers What is an orbital defense against infection?
1-2 weeks - Answers Older, damaged cells of the corneal epithelium are shed from the eye during
blinking or tearing. The cells is this layer are repopulated how often?
1. Fiber cells contain more cholesterol than any other than any other cell in the human body.
2. Fiber cells produce crystallin, a protein that helps determine how well the lens refracts light.
3. The loss of fiber cells contributes to the formation of cataracts. - Answers What 3 things are true
about the fiber cells of the lens?
Neuron ganglia - Answers Which structures trigger aversion reflexes when potentially dangerous intense
light hits the retina?
Photoreceptor Transduction - Answers What is the process by which rod and cone cells transform light
energy into nerve impulses?
What are characteristics of deterministic radiation effects? - Answers 1. The severity of damage to tissue
is dose dependent.
2. A dose threshold exists such that the probability of damage from low doses is negligible.
True - Answers True or false: radiation-induced cataracts can result from a single high dose or from
chronic low-dose exposure of the lens, which is why occupational exposures over time represent a
major concern for fluoroscopy operators.
Linear no-threshold - Answers The as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) principle is based on what
model?
10 - Answers Children are up to how many times more sensitive to tissue and DNA damage from ionizing
radiation than are adults?
5% per Sv - Answers The risk of any radiation-induced cancer from a single fluoroscopic exam is what
percent per Sv?
,Sebaceous Carcinoma - Answers According to the article, which cancer of the eyelid has been linked to
ionizing radiation and ultraviolet sunlight?
Keratitis - Answers What is another name for corneal ulcers?
False - Answers True or false: a single well-defined lower dose threshold has been established for
radiation cataracts.
20 mSv - Answers According to the International Commision on Radiological Protection, the annual limit
for occupational exposure to the eye lens is how many mSv?
1.3 to 2 Gy - Answers Based on studies of atomic bomb survivors published in the 1960s, experts believe
that radiation cataract formation requires a single dose of 1.3Gy to what?
Procedures are more complex and time consuming - Answers Why have radiation doses and reports of
significant tissue injury from interventional fluoroscopy procedures increased over the last two decades?
1. Duration
2. Distance
3. Protection - Answers What 3 principles are used to manage radiation exposure to patients and
healthcare personnel?
Kerma-area product (KAP) - Answers With respect to fluoroscopic dosimeter, which measurement is
calculated as the air kerma across the x-ray beam and is used as a proxy for patient dose?
22% - Answers Switching from continuous fluoroscopy mode to pulsed mode of 15 pulses per secon can
reduce the radiation dose by how many percent?
1. Peak skin dose exceeds 3,000 mGy
2. Reference point air kerma exceeds 5,000 mGy
3. Kerma area product exceeds 500 Gy x cm2
4.Fluoroscopic procedure duration exceeds 1 hour - Answers Patients should be monitored for radiation
injury if any one of the following sentinel events occurs?
Bystander effects - Answers Radiation can cause what kind of complex cellular effects in which the
exposure of a given cell population affects radio sensitivity of other cells?
Patients who are likely to receive a radiation dose to the lens, thyroid breast or reproductive organs and
who are pregnant, who have small or very large body masses (body weight <10kg or >135 kg) or who are
children, adolescents, or young adults are at greater risk, particularly from high-dose procedures. -
Answers Which characteristics can affect the risk of radiation injury to the eyes, particularly from high
dose procedures?
, Tunica Vasculosa - Answers The Uvea-the middle layer of the eye orb. This layer contains the eye's
vasculature, as well as its pigmented iris.
Tunica Nervosa - Answers The innermost primary layer of the eye, named for the optic nerve and the
fact that it originates as an outgrowth of the developing fetal brain
The scapular and subscapular areas, the right lateral trunk below the axilla, the midback and the right
anterolateral chest - Answers Where are the most common locations of fluoroscopy-associated
radiation dermatitis following cardiac procedures?
1. kVp
2. mA
3. Pulse Width - Answers Which factors does the generator alter to maintain the appropriate entrance
exposure at the image receptor that minimizes patient entrance dose?
70% - Answers Spectral beam filters reduce dose by decreasing low-energy radiation. A 2.0-mm copper
filter reduces the dose by how many percent?
50% - Answers How much does a 0.2-mm copper filter reduce exposure?
Increases - Answers Three to five magnification modes usually are available on most image intensifiers.
What does the dose typically do with greater magnification?
15 times more - Answers Fluoroscopy operators should use the acquisition, or cine, mode sparingly
because about how many times more radiation per frame is needed to obtain diagnostic quality images
than the fluoroscopy mode?
1. They offer less image distortion
2. They have a wider dynamic range and better uniform contrast resolution over the entire image
3. The equipment allows imaging staff to move patients easily and provides more space for practitioners
to maneuver
The cost is a drawback, however. They are much more expensive than image intensifier systems -
Answers What are the advantages of a flat-panel detector fluoroscopy system?
1. Last image hold
2. Gray-scale processing
3. Temporal frame averaging and edge enhancement - Answers Image processing techniques available
with digital fluoroscopy include what?
