Test Bank for Evolution Making Sense of Life 3rd Edition By Douglas Emlen, Carl Zimmer All 1-18 Chapters Covered ,Latest Edition,

, Test Bank, Chapter 1 Ri Ri Ri




1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?
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(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to
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the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success
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and passed the trait to their offspring
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(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs
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(c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes t
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o accommodate lower oxygen levels
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(d) All of the above are examples of evolution
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2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark:
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(a) are homologous traits
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(b) arose through convergent evolutionRi Ri Ri


(c) are the result of natural selection
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(d) b and c are correct
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(e) all are correct
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3. Mammary glands in whales and humans: Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri




(a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals
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(b) are homologous traits
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(c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans an
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d whales
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(d) all are correctRi Ri


(e) none are correct Ri Ri




4. Based on current fossil evidence:
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(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-
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like teeth or baleenRi Ri Ri


(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic
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(c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those o
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f extinct land mammals
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(d) a and c are correct
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(e) b and c are correct
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5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and
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Indohyus to cetaceans is:
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(a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear
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(b) the presence of forelimb flippers
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(c) the lack of hindlegs
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(d) peg-like teeth Ri

,6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by:
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(a) morphology of limb bones (e.g. the astragalus) in extinct whales Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri


(b) DNA evidence Ri


(c) the fact that some artiodactyls (e.g. hippos) spend a significant amount of
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time in the water
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(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all of the above
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7. From examining the fossil record, scientists have postulated that long-
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term historic changes in cetacean diversity depended on:
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(a) changes in the abundance of diatoms, one of their main food sources
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(b) changes in the abundance of diatoms, which serve as food fo
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r animals that were preyed upon by cetaceans
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(c) changes in sea temperature Ri Ri Ri


(d) rising pollution levels in the ocean
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(e) changes in the abundance of organisms that prey on cetaceans
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8. Which of the following would explain why viruses such as influenza evolve so
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rapidly:
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(a) they have a high mutation rate
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(b) they have a high replication rate
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(c) they can undergo viral reassortment
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(d) none of the above Ri Ri Ri


(e) all of the above
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9. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the evolution of drug
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resistance in a virus:
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(a) the drug causes mutations in the virus that make it resistant
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(b) even before the drug is administered, some virions might b
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e resistant
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(c) an individual virion that is exposed to the drug will adapt by becomin
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g resistant; future applications of the drug will be ineffective against t
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his virion Ri


(d) all of the above
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10. The molecular clock used to date the emergence of the 2009 H1N1 strai
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n would be inaccurate if:
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(a) mutations arose at different rates in different lineagesRi Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri


(b) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed long ago
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(c) the most recent common ancestor of the viral strains existed recently
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(d) none of the above Ri Ri Ri

, 11. New mutations: Ri




(a) are random with respect to their effects on fitness
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(b) are necessary for natural selection to cause evolutionary change
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(c) are rare in a population Ri Ri Ri Ri


(d) a and b are correct
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(e) all are correct Ri Ri




12. Evolution occurs when: Ri Ri




(a) individuals in a population change in response to the environment Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri


(b) the average value of trait in a population changes from on
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e generation to the next
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(c) a and b are both correct
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(d) Neither a or b is correct Ri Ri Ri Ri Ri




Short answer/essay.
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1. Please describe evidence three pieces of evidence found in extant cetaceans
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that supports the idea that their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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1. During embryonic development hindlimb buds form, but are the
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n stop growing. Ri Ri


2. Some extant whales have a vestigial pelvis, which only makes sens
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e if their ancestors had hindlimbs.
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3. DNA evidence shows that cetaceans are nested within the artioda
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ctyls. The common ancestor of artiodactyls would have had hindli
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mbs.

2. Describe how scientists used carbon isotopes to determine whether extinct
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whales likely inhabited freshwater or saltwater.
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Although most oxygen atoms have eight neutrons, some oxygen isotopes
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have more (e.g. 10). Seawater has more oxygen atoms with 10 neutrons (
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heavy) than freshwater, and animals that live in the sea incorporate more
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heavy oxygen into their bones than animals that live on land. Thus, by m
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easuring the ratio of light to heavy oxygen in the bones of fossil whales, a
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nd comparing this to ratios found in extant organisms inhabiting freshwa
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ter or seawater environments, scientists were able to determine whether
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extinct whales likely lived in the sea or the land.
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