MSU General Chemistry 141 Exam 1 Advanced Questions And Correct Detailed Answers.

Scientific Models help us... - correct answer explain how something happened and predicting what will happen Scientific Explanation - correct answer 1) Claim- the target of your explanation 2) Evidence- the data or scientific principle you use to support your claim 3) Reasoning) the connection between your claim and evidence Scientific Theory - correct answer -Best available explanation of the evidence/ data/ observations -Explains how/why -makes testable predictions -falsifiable -may change over time Law VS Theory - correct answer Law- describes the phenomenon (what) Theory- explains the phenomenon (why) Development of Atomic Theory - correct answer -Greeks- earliest atomic theory- not based on experimental evidence but on philosophy -"Atomos" not to be cut -Atoms were in constant motion Atom - correct answer -Smallest unit of an element - + nucleus - - electron cloud Dalton's Atomic Theory - correct answer -elements are composed of small indivisible, indestructible atoms -all atoms of an element are identical and have the same mass properties -diff elements have diff atoms -compounds are combos of atoms -chem rxns are rearrangements of atoms JJ Thomson - correct answer -discovered electron -Cathode ray tube- glass tube consisting of 2 electrodes under very low pressure, when high voltage is applied cathode emits particles that move towards anode Thomsons experiment showed... - correct answer -particles could be deflected by electrical fields in a direction that would indicate - charge Thomsons Plum Pudding model - correct answer Atoms contain electrons embedded in a positively charged blob (think of chocolate chip cookie and choc chips are electrons) Alpha Particle - correct answer has 2 protons and 2 neutrons, nucleus of a helium atom rutherfords experiment showed... - correct answer -atom was mostly empty space -small dense positive nucleus in the center of the atom -his drawing looked like jimmy neutron symbol Neutrons discovered later... - correct answer harder to detect, reside in nucleus, slightly heavier than protons Coulombs Law - correct answer Opposite charges attract, and like repel Force - correct answer push or pull Gravitational Force - correct answer -responsible for attractions btwn objects that have mass -F- M1M2/ r^2 -require 2 or more objects always attractive Electromagnetic Force - correct answer -responsible for attractions/repulsions btwn objects that have electric charge -stronger than gravity -F- q1q2/ r^2 energy - correct answer -change in matter means change in energy -caused by change in forces -conserved -joule -never lost- can be transferred or transformed Kinetic Energy - correct answer -KE= 1/2mv^2 -energy associated w motion Potential Energy - correct answer -position of a system of objects in a field -must have a field and 2 or more objects Thermal Energy and Temperature - correct answer -Thermal energy is a measure of the kinetic energy of all the atoms -Temperature is directly related to avg kinetic energy London Dispersion Forces - correct answer