AP Human Geography Chapter 8: Political
Geography UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Balkanization - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of fragmentation or division of a
region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one
another. An example of balkanization is Yugoslavia. 5
Apartheid - CORRECT ANSWER - Definition: Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa
that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994.
Application: These laws significantly added to the amount of racial discrimination in South
Africa
World Bank - CORRECT ANSWER - an international financial institution that provides
loans to developing countries for capital programmes
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - CORRECT ANSWER - The lending of massive
amounts of money to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with restriction strings attached.
World Trade Organization (WTO) - CORRECT ANSWER - works to negotiate rules of
trade among the member states
Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS) - CORRECT
ANSWER - A political, economic, and cultural organization among Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. The objectives of this new initiative are to bridge the
economic gap among these five countries and to promote prosperity in the sub-region in a
sustainable manner.
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) - CORRECT ANSWER - An
organization whose principle is to form a wider economic community of Central African states.
, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - CORRECT ANSWER - An
international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil
G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) - CORRECT ANSWER - an international forum for the
governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with
the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining
to the promotion of international financial stability.
G10 (Group of Ten) - CORRECT ANSWER - This International Organization is made up
of eleven industrial countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,
Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States) which consult and co-operate
on economic, monetary and financial matters.
Colonialism - CORRECT ANSWER - the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial
political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
The Berlin Conference encouraged colonialism in Africa. 5
Annexation - CORRECT ANSWER - the formal act of acquiring something (especially
territory) by conquest or occupation
Allocational/resource boundary dispute - CORRECT ANSWER - Dispute over location
and resources
Antarctica - CORRECT ANSWER - No one owns it
Antecedent boundary - CORRECT ANSWER - a boundary that existed before the cultural
landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area...
Border landscape - CORRECT ANSWER - There are two types, exclusionary and
inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and
Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border
Geography UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Balkanization - CORRECT ANSWER - the process of fragmentation or division of a
region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one
another. An example of balkanization is Yugoslavia. 5
Apartheid - CORRECT ANSWER - Definition: Laws (no longer in effect) in South Africa
that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994.
Application: These laws significantly added to the amount of racial discrimination in South
Africa
World Bank - CORRECT ANSWER - an international financial institution that provides
loans to developing countries for capital programmes
International Monetary Fund (IMF) - CORRECT ANSWER - The lending of massive
amounts of money to peripheral and semi-peripheral countries with restriction strings attached.
World Trade Organization (WTO) - CORRECT ANSWER - works to negotiate rules of
trade among the member states
Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy (ACMECS) - CORRECT
ANSWER - A political, economic, and cultural organization among Thailand, Laos,
Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. The objectives of this new initiative are to bridge the
economic gap among these five countries and to promote prosperity in the sub-region in a
sustainable manner.
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) - CORRECT ANSWER - An
organization whose principle is to form a wider economic community of Central African states.
, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - CORRECT ANSWER - An
international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil
G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) - CORRECT ANSWER - an international forum for the
governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in 1999 with
the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining
to the promotion of international financial stability.
G10 (Group of Ten) - CORRECT ANSWER - This International Organization is made up
of eleven industrial countries (Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands,
Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States) which consult and co-operate
on economic, monetary and financial matters.
Colonialism - CORRECT ANSWER - the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial
political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.
The Berlin Conference encouraged colonialism in Africa. 5
Annexation - CORRECT ANSWER - the formal act of acquiring something (especially
territory) by conquest or occupation
Allocational/resource boundary dispute - CORRECT ANSWER - Dispute over location
and resources
Antarctica - CORRECT ANSWER - No one owns it
Antecedent boundary - CORRECT ANSWER - a boundary that existed before the cultural
landscape emerged and stayed in place while people moved in to occupy the surrounding area...
Border landscape - CORRECT ANSWER - There are two types, exclusionary and
inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and
Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border
