3/15/25, 11:31 AM NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL E…
NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025)
comprehensive questions and verified answers (
detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (58)
Flail chest is frequently a complication of blunt chest
trauma, which may occur from a steering wheel
injury, motor vehicle crash involving a pedestrian or
cyclist, a significant fall onto the chest, or an assault
with a blunt weapon. As with rib fracture, treatment
of flail chest is usually supportive. Management
includes providing ventilatory support, clearing
secretions from the lungs, and controlling pain. For
mild-to-moderate flail chest injuries, the underlying
Chest Trauma- pulmonary contusion is treated by monitoring fluid
Complications intake and appropriate fluid replacement while
relieving chest pain. Pulmonary physiotherapy
focusing on lung volume expansion and secretion
management techniques is performed. The patient is
closely monitored for further respiratory
compromise.
For severe flail chest injuries, ET intubation and
mechanical ventilation are required to provide
internal pneumatic stabilization of the flail chest and
to correct abnormalities in gas exchange.
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,3/15/25, 11:31 AM NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL E…
At least two large-gauge IV lines are inserted to
establish access for fluid administration. Because the
goal of the fluid replacement is to restore
intravascular volume, it is necessary to administer
fluids that will remain in the intravascular
compartment to avoid fluid shifts from the
Shock Fluid
intravascular compartment into the intracellular
compartment. As discussed earlier, crystalloid
solutions such as lactated Ringer's solution or 0.9%
sodium chloride solution are commonly used to
treat hypovolemic shock, as large amounts of fluid
must be given to restore intravascular volume.
Hypovolemic shock, the most common type of
shock, is characterized by decreased intravascular
volume. Body fluid is contained in the intracellular
and extracellular compartments. Intracellular fluid
accounts for about two thirds of the total body
water. The extracellular body fluid is found in one of
two compartments: intravascular (inside blood
Hypovolemic Shock
vessels) or interstitial (surrounding tissues). The
volume of interstitial fluid is about three to four
times that of intravascular fluid. Hypovolemic shock
occurs when there is a reduction in intravascular
volume by 15% to 30%, which represents an
approximate loss of 750 to 1500 mL of blood in a
70-kg (154-lb) person
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's ability to
contract and to pump blood is impaired and the
supply of oxygen is inadequate for the heart and
the tissues. In cardiogenic shock, cardiac output,
Cardiogenic Shock S&S which is a function of both stroke volume and heart
rate, is compromised. Patients in cardiogenic shock
may experience the pain of angina, develop
arrhythmias, complain of fatigue, express feelings of
doom, and show signs of hemodynamic instability.
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, 3/15/25, 11:31 AM NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL E…
If the patient is hemorrhaging, efforts are made to
stop the bleeding. This may involve applying
pressure to the bleeding site or surgical
interventions to stop internal bleeding. If the cause
Hemorrhage- Shock of the hypovolemia is diarrhea or vomiting,
medications to treat diarrhea and vomiting are given
while efforts are made to identify and treat the
cause. In older adult patients, dehydration may be
the cause of hypovolemic shock.
Dopamine, a naturally occurring precursor of
norepinephrine and epinephrine, functions as a
neurotransmitter. Dopamine is useful in hypovolemic
and cardiogenic shock. Adequate fluid therapy is
necessary for maximal pressor (increased blood
Shock Septic- Dopamine pressure) effect. Acidosis decreases the
effectiveness of the drug. If fluid therapy alone does
not effectively improve tissue perfusion,
vasopressor agents, specifically norepinephrine or
dopamine, may be initiated to achieve a MAP of 65
mm Hg or higher
The most important diagnostic indication of an
abdominal aortic aneurysm is a pulsatile mass in the
middle and upper abdomen. Most clinically
significant aortic aneurysms are palpable during
routine physical examination; however, the
sensitivity depends upon the size of the aneurysm,
abdominal girth of the patient (i.e., more difficult to
find in the patient with obesity), and the skill of the
examiner. A systolic bruit may be heard over the
AAA- Tests
mass. Duplex ultrasonography or CTA is used to
determine the size, length, and location of the
aneurysm. When the aneurysm is small,
ultrasonography is conducted at 6-month intervals
until the aneurysm reaches a size so that surgery to
prevent rupture is of more benefit than the possible
complications of a surgical procedure. Some
aneurysms remain stable over many years of
monitoring.
https://quizlet.com/1018473923/nsg-233-med-surge-3-final-exam-2025-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-answers-detailed-elaborated-actu… 3/30
NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025)
comprehensive questions and verified answers (
detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Save
Terms in this set (58)
Flail chest is frequently a complication of blunt chest
trauma, which may occur from a steering wheel
injury, motor vehicle crash involving a pedestrian or
cyclist, a significant fall onto the chest, or an assault
with a blunt weapon. As with rib fracture, treatment
of flail chest is usually supportive. Management
includes providing ventilatory support, clearing
secretions from the lungs, and controlling pain. For
mild-to-moderate flail chest injuries, the underlying
Chest Trauma- pulmonary contusion is treated by monitoring fluid
Complications intake and appropriate fluid replacement while
relieving chest pain. Pulmonary physiotherapy
focusing on lung volume expansion and secretion
management techniques is performed. The patient is
closely monitored for further respiratory
compromise.
For severe flail chest injuries, ET intubation and
mechanical ventilation are required to provide
internal pneumatic stabilization of the flail chest and
to correct abnormalities in gas exchange.
https://quizlet.com/1018473923/nsg-233-med-surge-3-final-exam-2025-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-answers-detailed-elaborated-actu… 1/30
,3/15/25, 11:31 AM NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL E…
At least two large-gauge IV lines are inserted to
establish access for fluid administration. Because the
goal of the fluid replacement is to restore
intravascular volume, it is necessary to administer
fluids that will remain in the intravascular
compartment to avoid fluid shifts from the
Shock Fluid
intravascular compartment into the intracellular
compartment. As discussed earlier, crystalloid
solutions such as lactated Ringer's solution or 0.9%
sodium chloride solution are commonly used to
treat hypovolemic shock, as large amounts of fluid
must be given to restore intravascular volume.
Hypovolemic shock, the most common type of
shock, is characterized by decreased intravascular
volume. Body fluid is contained in the intracellular
and extracellular compartments. Intracellular fluid
accounts for about two thirds of the total body
water. The extracellular body fluid is found in one of
two compartments: intravascular (inside blood
Hypovolemic Shock
vessels) or interstitial (surrounding tissues). The
volume of interstitial fluid is about three to four
times that of intravascular fluid. Hypovolemic shock
occurs when there is a reduction in intravascular
volume by 15% to 30%, which represents an
approximate loss of 750 to 1500 mL of blood in a
70-kg (154-lb) person
Cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart's ability to
contract and to pump blood is impaired and the
supply of oxygen is inadequate for the heart and
the tissues. In cardiogenic shock, cardiac output,
Cardiogenic Shock S&S which is a function of both stroke volume and heart
rate, is compromised. Patients in cardiogenic shock
may experience the pain of angina, develop
arrhythmias, complain of fatigue, express feelings of
doom, and show signs of hemodynamic instability.
https://quizlet.com/1018473923/nsg-233-med-surge-3-final-exam-2025-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-answers-detailed-elaborated-actu… 2/30
, 3/15/25, 11:31 AM NSG 233 Med Surge 3 Final Exam (2025) comprehensive questions and verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL E…
If the patient is hemorrhaging, efforts are made to
stop the bleeding. This may involve applying
pressure to the bleeding site or surgical
interventions to stop internal bleeding. If the cause
Hemorrhage- Shock of the hypovolemia is diarrhea or vomiting,
medications to treat diarrhea and vomiting are given
while efforts are made to identify and treat the
cause. In older adult patients, dehydration may be
the cause of hypovolemic shock.
Dopamine, a naturally occurring precursor of
norepinephrine and epinephrine, functions as a
neurotransmitter. Dopamine is useful in hypovolemic
and cardiogenic shock. Adequate fluid therapy is
necessary for maximal pressor (increased blood
Shock Septic- Dopamine pressure) effect. Acidosis decreases the
effectiveness of the drug. If fluid therapy alone does
not effectively improve tissue perfusion,
vasopressor agents, specifically norepinephrine or
dopamine, may be initiated to achieve a MAP of 65
mm Hg or higher
The most important diagnostic indication of an
abdominal aortic aneurysm is a pulsatile mass in the
middle and upper abdomen. Most clinically
significant aortic aneurysms are palpable during
routine physical examination; however, the
sensitivity depends upon the size of the aneurysm,
abdominal girth of the patient (i.e., more difficult to
find in the patient with obesity), and the skill of the
examiner. A systolic bruit may be heard over the
AAA- Tests
mass. Duplex ultrasonography or CTA is used to
determine the size, length, and location of the
aneurysm. When the aneurysm is small,
ultrasonography is conducted at 6-month intervals
until the aneurysm reaches a size so that surgery to
prevent rupture is of more benefit than the possible
complications of a surgical procedure. Some
aneurysms remain stable over many years of
monitoring.
https://quizlet.com/1018473923/nsg-233-med-surge-3-final-exam-2025-comprehensive-questions-and-verified-answers-detailed-elaborated-actu… 3/30
