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SSMENT & CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMA
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RYCARE 6TH EDITIONDAINS ISBN: 97803235
z z z z z
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z z z z z z z
inical Diagnosis in Primary C z z z z
are6th Edition Dains z z z
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-
z z z z z z
Based Practice, and Symptom AnalysisMultiple Choice
z z z z z z
Identifyzthezchoicezthatzbestzcompleteszthezstatementzorzanswerszthezquestion.
z 1. Whichztypezofzclinicalzdecision-makingziszmostzreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
z 2. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zTozobtainzadequatezhistory,zhealth-carezproviderszmustzbe:
A. Methodicalzandzsystematic
B. Attentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage
C. Ablez tozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponses
D. Adeptz atzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements
z 3. Essentialzpartszofzazhealthzhistoryzincludezallzofzthezfollowingzexcept:
A. Chiefzcomplaint
B. Historyzofzthezpresentzillness
C. Currentzvitalzsigns
D. Allzofzthezabovezarezessentialzhistoryzcomponents
z 4. Whichzofzthezfollowingzisz false?zWhilezperformingzthezphysicalz examination,zthezexaminerz mustzbezablezto:
A. Differentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings
B. Recallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditionszandztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms
C. Recognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectz thezresponseztozotherzconditions
D. Foreseezunpredictablezfindings
z 5. Thezfollowingziszthezleastzreliablezsourcezofzinformationzforzdiagnosticzstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedzinvestigations
B. Primaryzreportsz ofzresearch
C. Estimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience
D. Publishedzmeta-analyses
z 6. Thezfollowingzcanzbezusedztozassistzinzsoundzclinicalzdecision-making:
A. Algorithmzpublishedzinzazpeer-reviewedzjournalzarticle
B. Clinicalzpracticezguidelines
C. Evidence-basedzresearch
D. Allzofzthezabove
z 7. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzsensitivity,z thiszindicatesza:
A. Highzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
B. Lowzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
C. Lowzlikelihoodzofznormalzresultzinzpersonszwithoutzazgivenzcondition
D. Nonezofzthezabove
z 8. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzspecificity,z thiszindicatesza:
A. Lowzpercentagez ofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
B. Highzpercentagez ofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
C. Highzpercentagez ofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzaznormalzresult
D. Lowzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzanzabnormalzresult
z 9. Azlikelihoodz ratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazdiagnosticztestzshowingza:
A. Positivezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
B. Negativezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzabsencez ofzthezdisease
C. Positivezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
D. Negativezresultzisz weaklyzassociatedz withzabsencezofzthezdisease
z 10. Whichzofzthezfollowingzclinicalzreasoningztoolsziszdefinedzaszevidence-basedzresourcezbasedzonzmathematicalz modeling
tozexpresszthezlikelihoodzofzazconditionzinzselectzsituations,zsettings,zand/orzpatients?
, z
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
A. Clinicalzpracticezguideline
B. Clinicalzdecisionzrule
C. Clinicalzalgorithm
Chapterz1:zClinicalzreasoning,zdifferentialzdiagnosis,zevidence-basedzpractice,zandzsymptomzana
AnswerzSection
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryz(2009)zdescribesztwozmajorztypeszofzclinicalzdiagnosticzdecision-making:zintuitivezandzanalytical.zIntuitivezdecision-
zmakingz(similarztozAugenblinkzdecision-
making)ziszbasedzonzthezexperiencezandzintuitionzofzthezclinicianzandziszlesszreliablezandzpairedzwithzfairlyzcommonzerrors.zInzcon
trast,zanalyticalzdecision-makingziszbasedzonzcarefulzconsiderationzandzhaszgreaterzreliabilityzwithzrarezerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tozobtainzadequatezhistory,zproviderszmustzbezwellzorganized,zattentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage,zandzablezt
ozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponsesztozquestions.zRatherzthanzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements,ztheyzclarifyzanyzarea
szofzuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalzsignszarezpartzofzthezphysicalzexaminationzportionzofzpatientzassessment,znotzpartzofzthezhealthzhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbezableztozdifferentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings,zre
callzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditions,zincludingztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms,zrecognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzth
ezresponseztozotherz conditions,zandzdistinguishzthezrelevancez ofzvariedzabnormalz findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourceszforzdiagnosticzstatisticszincludeztextbooks,zprimaryzreportszofzresearch,zandzpublishedzmeta-
analyses.zAnotherzsourcezofzstatistics,zthezonezthatzhaszbeenzmostzwidelyzusedzandzavailablez forzapplicationz tozthezreasoningzproces
s,ziszthezestimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience,zalthoughzthesezarezrarelyzaccurate.zOverzthezpastzdecade,zthezavailabilityzofz
evidencezonzwhichztozbasezclinicalzreasoningziszimproving,z andzthereziszanzincreasingzexpectationzthatzclinicalzreasoningzbezbasedz
onzscientificzevidence.
Evidence-basedzstatisticszarezalsozincreasinglyzbeingzusedztozdevelopzresourcesztozfacilitatezclinicalz decision-making.
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6. ANS: D
Tozassistzinzclinicalzdecision-making,zaznumberzofzevidence-
basedzresourceszhavezbeenzdevelopedztozassistzthezclinician.zResources,zsuchzaszalgorithmszandzclinicalzpracticezguidelines,zassistz
inzclinicalzreasoningzwhenzproperlyzapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thezsensitivityzofzazdiagnosticzstudyziszthezpercentagezofzindividualszwithztheztargetzconditionzwhozshowzanzabnormal,zorzpositive,z
result.zAzhighzsensitivityzindicateszthatzazgreaterzpercentagezofzpersonsz withzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thezspecificityzofzazdiagnosticzstudyziszthezpercentagezofznormal,zhealthyzindividualszwhozhavezaznormalzresult.zThezgreaterzthez
specificity,zthezgreaterzthezpercentagezofzindividualszwhozwillzhaveznegative,zorznormal,zresultszifztheyzdoznotzhaveztheztargetzco
ndition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thezlikelihoodzratioziszthezprobabilityzthatzazpositiveztestzresultzwillzbezassociatedzwithzazpersonzwhozhasztheztargetzconditionzandzaz
negativezresultzwillzbezassociatedzwithzazhealthyzperson.zAzlikelihoodzratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazpositivezresultziszassociatedzwit
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, z
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalzdecisionz(orzprediction)zruleszprovidezanotherzsupportzforzclinicalzreasoning.zClinicalzdecisionzruleszarezevidence-
basedzresourceszthatzprovidezprobabilisticzstatementszregardingzthezlikelihoodzthatzazconditionzexistszifzcertainzvariableszarezmetz
withzregardztozthezprognosiszofzpatientszwithzspecificzfindings.zDecisionzruleszusezmathematicalzmodelszandzarezspecificztozcerta
inzsituations,zsettings,zand/orz patientzcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
TEST BANK FOR ADVANCED HEALTH ASSE
z z z z z
SSMENT & CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN PRIMA
z z z z z
RYCARE 6TH EDITIONDAINS ISBN: 97803235
z z z z z
94554
This Test Bank is Directly from The PublisherH
z z z z z z z z
as All Chapters With 100% Correct AnswersIN
z z z z z z z
STANT DOWNLOAD z
, z
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment & Cl
z z z z z z z
inical Diagnosis in Primary C z z z z
are6th Edition Dains z z z
Chapter 1: Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-
z z z z z z
Based Practice, and Symptom AnalysisMultiple Choice
z z z z z z
Identifyzthezchoicezthatzbestzcompleteszthezstatementzorzanswerszthezquestion.
z 1. Whichztypezofzclinicalzdecision-makingziszmostzreliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
z 2. Whichzofzthezfollowingziszfalse?zTozobtainzadequatezhistory,zhealth-carezproviderszmustzbe:
A. Methodicalzandzsystematic
B. Attentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage
C. Ablez tozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponses
D. Adeptz atzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements
z 3. Essentialzpartszofzazhealthzhistoryzincludezallzofzthezfollowingzexcept:
A. Chiefzcomplaint
B. Historyzofzthezpresentzillness
C. Currentzvitalzsigns
D. Allzofzthezabovezarezessentialzhistoryzcomponents
z 4. Whichzofzthezfollowingzisz false?zWhilezperformingzthezphysicalz examination,zthezexaminerz mustzbezablezto:
A. Differentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings
B. Recallzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditionszandztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms
C. Recognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectz thezresponseztozotherzconditions
D. Foreseezunpredictablezfindings
z 5. Thezfollowingziszthezleastzreliablezsourcezofzinformationzforzdiagnosticzstatistics:
A. Evidence-basedzinvestigations
B. Primaryzreportsz ofzresearch
C. Estimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience
D. Publishedzmeta-analyses
z 6. Thezfollowingzcanzbezusedztozassistzinzsoundzclinicalzdecision-making:
A. Algorithmzpublishedzinzazpeer-reviewedzjournalzarticle
B. Clinicalzpracticezguidelines
C. Evidence-basedzresearch
D. Allzofzthezabove
z 7. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzsensitivity,z thiszindicatesza:
A. Highzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
B. Lowzpercentagezofzpersonszwithzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult
C. Lowzlikelihoodzofznormalzresultzinzpersonszwithoutzazgivenzcondition
D. Nonezofzthezabove
z 8. Ifzazdiagnosticzstudyzhaszhighzspecificity,z thiszindicatesza:
A. Lowzpercentagez ofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
B. Highzpercentagez ofzhealthyzindividualszwillzshowzaznormalzresult
C. Highzpercentagez ofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzaznormalzresult
D. Lowzpercentagezofzindividualszwithzazdisorderzwillzshowzanzabnormalzresult
z 9. Azlikelihoodz ratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazdiagnosticztestzshowingza:
A. Positivezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
B. Negativezresultziszstronglyzassociatedzwithzabsencez ofzthezdisease
C. Positivezresultziszweaklyzassociatedzwithzthezdisease
D. Negativezresultzisz weaklyzassociatedz withzabsencezofzthezdisease
z 10. Whichzofzthezfollowingzclinicalzreasoningztoolsziszdefinedzaszevidence-basedzresourcezbasedzonzmathematicalz modeling
tozexpresszthezlikelihoodzofzazconditionzinzselectzsituations,zsettings,zand/orzpatients?
, z
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
A. Clinicalzpracticezguideline
B. Clinicalzdecisionzrule
C. Clinicalzalgorithm
Chapterz1:zClinicalzreasoning,zdifferentialzdiagnosis,zevidence-basedzpractice,zandzsymptomzana
AnswerzSection
MULTIPLEzCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerryz(2009)zdescribesztwozmajorztypeszofzclinicalzdiagnosticzdecision-making:zintuitivezandzanalytical.zIntuitivezdecision-
zmakingz(similarztozAugenblinkzdecision-
making)ziszbasedzonzthezexperiencezandzintuitionzofzthezclinicianzandziszlesszreliablezandzpairedzwithzfairlyzcommonzerrors.zInzcon
trast,zanalyticalzdecision-makingziszbasedzonzcarefulzconsiderationzandzhaszgreaterzreliabilityzwithzrarezerrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
Tozobtainzadequatezhistory,zproviderszmustzbezwellzorganized,zattentiveztozthezpatient’szverbalzandznonverbalzlanguage,zandzablezt
ozaccuratelyzinterpretzthezpatient’szresponsesztozquestions.zRatherzthanzreadingzintozthezpatient’szstatements,ztheyzclarifyzanyzarea
szofzuncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vitalzsignszarezpartzofzthezphysicalzexaminationzportionzofzpatientzassessment,znotzpartzofzthezhealthzhistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
Whilezperformingzthezphysicalzexamination,zthezexaminerzmustzbezableztozdifferentiatezbetweenznormalzandzabnormalzfindings,zre
callzknowledgezofzazrangezofzconditions,zincludingztheirzassociatedzsignszandzsymptoms,zrecognizezhowzcertainzconditionszaffectzth
ezresponseztozotherz conditions,zandzdistinguishzthezrelevancez ofzvariedzabnormalz findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sourceszforzdiagnosticzstatisticszincludeztextbooks,zprimaryzreportszofzresearch,zandzpublishedzmeta-
analyses.zAnotherzsourcezofzstatistics,zthezonezthatzhaszbeenzmostzwidelyzusedzandzavailablez forzapplicationz tozthezreasoningzproces
s,ziszthezestimationzbasedzonzazprovider’szexperience,zalthoughzthesezarezrarelyzaccurate.zOverzthezpastzdecade,zthezavailabilityzofz
evidencezonzwhichztozbasezclinicalzreasoningziszimproving,z andzthereziszanzincreasingzexpectationzthatzclinicalzreasoningzbezbasedz
onzscientificzevidence.
Evidence-basedzstatisticszarezalsozincreasinglyzbeingzusedztozdevelopzresourcesztozfacilitatezclinicalz decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
Tozassistzinzclinicalzdecision-making,zaznumberzofzevidence-
basedzresourceszhavezbeenzdevelopedztozassistzthezclinician.zResources,zsuchzaszalgorithmszandzclinicalzpracticezguidelines,zassistz
inzclinicalzreasoningzwhenzproperlyzapplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
Thezsensitivityzofzazdiagnosticzstudyziszthezpercentagezofzindividualszwithztheztargetzconditionzwhozshowzanzabnormal,zorzpositive,z
result.zAzhighzsensitivityzindicateszthatzazgreaterzpercentagezofzpersonsz withzthezgivenzconditionzwillzhavezanzabnormalzresult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
Thezspecificityzofzazdiagnosticzstudyziszthezpercentagezofznormal,zhealthyzindividualszwhozhavezaznormalzresult.zThezgreaterzthez
specificity,zthezgreaterzthezpercentagezofzindividualszwhozwillzhaveznegative,zorznormal,zresultszifztheyzdoznotzhaveztheztargetzco
ndition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
Thezlikelihoodzratioziszthezprobabilityzthatzazpositiveztestzresultzwillzbezassociatedzwithzazpersonzwhozhasztheztargetzconditionzandzaz
negativezresultzwillzbezassociatedzwithzazhealthyzperson.zAzlikelihoodzratiozabovez1zindicateszthatzazpositivezresultziszassociatedzwit
hzthezdisease;zazlikelihoodz ratiozlesszthanz1zindicateszthatzaznegativez resultziszassociatedzwithzanzabsencezofzthezdisease.
, z
lOMoARcPSD| 126 567
z 13
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinicalzdecisionz(orzprediction)zruleszprovidezanotherzsupportzforzclinicalzreasoning.zClinicalzdecisionzruleszarezevidence-
basedzresourceszthatzprovidezprobabilisticzstatementszregardingzthezlikelihoodzthatzazconditionzexistszifzcertainzvariableszarezmetz
withzregardztozthezprognosiszofzpatientszwithzspecificzfindings.zDecisionzruleszusezmathematicalzmodelszandzarezspecificztozcerta
inzsituations,zsettings,zand/orz patientzcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
