Chapter 01: Cellular Biology
v v v
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
v v v v v v
MULTIPLEvCHOICE
1. Avstudentvisvobservingvavcellvundervthevmicroscope.vItvisvobservedvtovhavevsupercoiledvDNAv
withvhistones.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvwouldvalsovbevobservedvbyvthevstudent?
a. Avsinglevcircularvchromosome
b. Avnucleus
c. Free-floatingvnuclearvmaterial
d. Novorganelles
ANS:v B
Thevcellvdescribedvisvaveukaryoticvcell,vsovitvhasvhistonesvandvavsupercoiledvDNAvwithinvitsvnucl
eus;vthus,vthevnucleusvshouldvbevobserved.vAvsinglevcircularvchromosomevcalledvavprokaryotevc
ontainsvfree-floatingvnuclearvmaterialvbutvhasvnovorganelles.
REF:v p.v2
2. Avnursevisvinstructingvthevstaffvaboutvcellularvfunctions.vWhichvcellularvfunctionvisvthevnursevd
escribingvwhenvanvisolatedvcellvabsorbsvoxygenvandvusesvitvtovtransformvnutrientsvtovenergy?
a. Metabolicvabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:v D
Thevcell’svabilityvtovabsorbvoxygenvisvreferredvtovasvrespirationvwhilevitsvcommunicationvabilityvinvol
vesvmaintenancevofvavsteadyvdynamicvstate,vmetabolicvabsorptionvprovidesvnutrition,vandvsecretionva
llowsvforvthevsynthesizingvofvnewvsubstances.
REF:v p.v2
3. AveukaryoticvcellvisvundergoingvDNAvreplication.vInvwhichvregionvofvthevcellvwouldvmostvofvt
hevgeneticvinformationvbevcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusvCytoplasm
ANS:v C
Thevregionvofvthevcellvthatvcontainsvgeneticvmaterial,vincludingvavlargevamountvofvribonucleicvaci
d,vmostvofvthevDNA,vandvDNA-
bindingvproteins,visvthevnucleolus,vwhichvisvlocatedvwithinvthevcell’svnucleus.vMitochondriavisva
ssociatedvwithvcellularvrespiration,vwhilevribosomesvarevinvolvedvwithvproteinvmanufacturing.v
Cytoplasmvisvavfluidvfillingvthatvisvavcomponentvofvthevcell.
REF:v p.v2
,4. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvremovevproteinsvattachedvtovthevcell’svbilayervbyvdissolvingvthevl
ayervitself?
a. Peripheralvmembranevproteins
b. Integralvmembranevproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellvadhesionvmolecules
ANS:v B
Proteinsvdirectlyvattachedvtovthevmembranevbilayervcanvbevremovedvbyvthevactionvofvintegralvme
mbranevproteinsvthatvdissolvevthevbilayer.vPeripheralvmembranevproteinsvresidevatvthevsurfacevw
hilevcellvadhesionvmoleculesvarevonvthevoutsidevofvthevmembrane.vGlycoproteinvmarksvcellsvand
vdoesvnotvfloat.
REF:v p.v7
5. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvbindvtovplasmavmembranevreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicvlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:v D
Ligandsvarevthevonlyvspecificvmoleculesvthatvcanvbindvwithvreceptorsvonvthevcellvmembrane.
REF:v p.v9
6. Avnursevisvreviewingvavreportvfromvavpatientvwithvmetastaticvcancer.vWhatvalternationvinvtheve
xtracellularvmatrixvwouldvs uNp p oRr t vt hIe vdG
iagnBo.
siC
svofM
metastaticvcancer?
a. Decreasedvfibronectin
U vSvNvT
b. Increasedvcollagen
c. Decreasedvelastin
d. Increasedvglycoproteins
ANS:v A
Onlyvavreducedvamountvofvfibronectinvisvfoundvinvsomevtypesvofvcancerousvcells,vallowingvthemv
tovtravelvorvmetastasize.
REF:v p.v10
7. Whichvformvofvcellvcommunicationvisvusedvtovrelatevtovothervcellsvinvdirectvphysicalvcontact?
a. Cellvjunction
b. Gapvjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightvjunction
ANS:v A
Cellvjunctionsvholdvcellsvtogethervandvpermitvmoleculesvtovpassvfromvcellvtovcell.
Gapvjunctionsvallowvforvcellularvcommunicationvbetweenvcells.vNeithervdesmosomesvnorvtightvjuncti
onsvarevassociatedvwithvcellularvcommunication.
REF:v p.v11
,8. Pancreaticvbetavcellsvsecretevinsulin,vwhichvinhibitsvsecretionvofvglucagonvfromvneighboringv
alphavcells.vThisvactionvisvanvexamplevofvwhichvofvthevfollowingvsignalingvtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:v A
Paracrinevsignalingvinvolvesvthevreleasevofvlocalvchemicalvmediatorsvthatvarevquicklyvtakenvup,vd
estroyed,vorvimmobilized,vasvinvthevcasevofvinsulinvandvthevinhibitionvofvthevsecretionvofvglucago
n.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvinvolvevsignalingvthatvisvassociatedvwithvavlocalvchemicalvmediatorv
likevinsulin.
REF:v p.v12
9. Invcellularvmetabolism,veachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforva:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:v B
Eachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforvavsubstrate,vavspecificvsubstancevconvertedvtovavproductvofvt
hevreaction.vCellularvmetabolismvisvnotvdependentvonvanvattractionvbetweenvanvenzymevandvany
vofvthevremainingvoptions.
REF:v v p.v16
, Anvathletevrunsvavmarathon,vaftervwhichvhisvmusclesvfeelvfatiguedvan
dvunablevtovcontract.vThevathletevasksvthevnursevwhyvthisvhappened.vTh
evnurse’svresponsevisvbasedvonvthevknowledgevthatvthevproblemvisvresul
tvofvavdeficiencyvof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:v C
WhenvATPvisvdeficient,vimpairedvmusclevcontractionvresults.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvarevinvo
lvedvinvmusclevcontraction.
REF:v p.v16
10. WhichvphasevofvcatabolismvproducesvthevmostvATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricvacidvcycle
ANS:v D
WhilevsomevATPvisvproducedvduringvthevoxidationvandvglycolysisvphases,vmostvofvthevATPvisvgenera
tedvduringvthevcitricvacidvcycle.vDigestionvdoesvnotvproducevanyvATP.
v v v
Huether & McCance: Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Edition
v v v v v v
MULTIPLEvCHOICE
1. Avstudentvisvobservingvavcellvundervthevmicroscope.vItvisvobservedvtovhavevsupercoiledvDNAv
withvhistones.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvwouldvalsovbevobservedvbyvthevstudent?
a. Avsinglevcircularvchromosome
b. Avnucleus
c. Free-floatingvnuclearvmaterial
d. Novorganelles
ANS:v B
Thevcellvdescribedvisvaveukaryoticvcell,vsovitvhasvhistonesvandvavsupercoiledvDNAvwithinvitsvnucl
eus;vthus,vthevnucleusvshouldvbevobserved.vAvsinglevcircularvchromosomevcalledvavprokaryotevc
ontainsvfree-floatingvnuclearvmaterialvbutvhasvnovorganelles.
REF:v p.v2
2. Avnursevisvinstructingvthevstaffvaboutvcellularvfunctions.vWhichvcellularvfunctionvisvthevnursevd
escribingvwhenvanvisolatedvcellvabsorbsvoxygenvandvusesvitvtovtransformvnutrientsvtovenergy?
a. Metabolicvabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:v D
Thevcell’svabilityvtovabsorbvoxygenvisvreferredvtovasvrespirationvwhilevitsvcommunicationvabilityvinvol
vesvmaintenancevofvavsteadyvdynamicvstate,vmetabolicvabsorptionvprovidesvnutrition,vandvsecretionva
llowsvforvthevsynthesizingvofvnewvsubstances.
REF:v p.v2
3. AveukaryoticvcellvisvundergoingvDNAvreplication.vInvwhichvregionvofvthevcellvwouldvmostvofvt
hevgeneticvinformationvbevcontained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. NucleusvCytoplasm
ANS:v C
Thevregionvofvthevcellvthatvcontainsvgeneticvmaterial,vincludingvavlargevamountvofvribonucleicvaci
d,vmostvofvthevDNA,vandvDNA-
bindingvproteins,visvthevnucleolus,vwhichvisvlocatedvwithinvthevcell’svnucleus.vMitochondriavisva
ssociatedvwithvcellularvrespiration,vwhilevribosomesvarevinvolvedvwithvproteinvmanufacturing.v
Cytoplasmvisvavfluidvfillingvthatvisvavcomponentvofvthevcell.
REF:v p.v2
,4. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvremovevproteinsvattachedvtovthevcell’svbilayervbyvdissolvingvthevl
ayervitself?
a. Peripheralvmembranevproteins
b. Integralvmembranevproteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellvadhesionvmolecules
ANS:v B
Proteinsvdirectlyvattachedvtovthevmembranevbilayervcanvbevremovedvbyvthevactionvofvintegralvme
mbranevproteinsvthatvdissolvevthevbilayer.vPeripheralvmembranevproteinsvresidevatvthevsurfacevw
hilevcellvadhesionvmoleculesvarevonvthevoutsidevofvthevmembrane.vGlycoproteinvmarksvcellsvand
vdoesvnotvfloat.
REF:v p.v7
5. Whichvofvthevfollowingvcanvbindvtovplasmavmembranevreceptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicvlipids
d. Ligands
ANS:v D
Ligandsvarevthevonlyvspecificvmoleculesvthatvcanvbindvwithvreceptorsvonvthevcellvmembrane.
REF:v p.v9
6. Avnursevisvreviewingvavreportvfromvavpatientvwithvmetastaticvcancer.vWhatvalternationvinvtheve
xtracellularvmatrixvwouldvs uNp p oRr t vt hIe vdG
iagnBo.
siC
svofM
metastaticvcancer?
a. Decreasedvfibronectin
U vSvNvT
b. Increasedvcollagen
c. Decreasedvelastin
d. Increasedvglycoproteins
ANS:v A
Onlyvavreducedvamountvofvfibronectinvisvfoundvinvsomevtypesvofvcancerousvcells,vallowingvthemv
tovtravelvorvmetastasize.
REF:v p.v10
7. Whichvformvofvcellvcommunicationvisvusedvtovrelatevtovothervcellsvinvdirectvphysicalvcontact?
a. Cellvjunction
b. Gapvjunction
c. Desmosome
d. Tightvjunction
ANS:v A
Cellvjunctionsvholdvcellsvtogethervandvpermitvmoleculesvtovpassvfromvcellvtovcell.
Gapvjunctionsvallowvforvcellularvcommunicationvbetweenvcells.vNeithervdesmosomesvnorvtightvjuncti
onsvarevassociatedvwithvcellularvcommunication.
REF:v p.v11
,8. Pancreaticvbetavcellsvsecretevinsulin,vwhichvinhibitsvsecretionvofvglucagonvfromvneighboringv
alphavcells.vThisvactionvisvanvexamplevofvwhichvofvthevfollowingvsignalingvtypes?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:v A
Paracrinevsignalingvinvolvesvthevreleasevofvlocalvchemicalvmediatorsvthatvarevquicklyvtakenvup,vd
estroyed,vorvimmobilized,vasvinvthevcasevofvinsulinvandvthevinhibitionvofvthevsecretionvofvglucago
n.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvinvolvevsignalingvthatvisvassociatedvwithvavlocalvchemicalvmediatorv
likevinsulin.
REF:v p.v12
9. Invcellularvmetabolism,veachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforva:
a. solute.
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:v B
Eachvenzymevhasvavhighvaffinityvforvavsubstrate,vavspecificvsubstancevconvertedvtovavproductvofvt
hevreaction.vCellularvmetabolismvisvnotvdependentvonvanvattractionvbetweenvanvenzymevandvany
vofvthevremainingvoptions.
REF:v v p.v16
, Anvathletevrunsvavmarathon,vaftervwhichvhisvmusclesvfeelvfatiguedvan
dvunablevtovcontract.vThevathletevasksvthevnursevwhyvthisvhappened.vTh
evnurse’svresponsevisvbasedvonvthevknowledgevthatvthevproblemvisvresul
tvofvavdeficiencyvof:
e. GTP
f. AMP
g. ATP
h. GMP
ANS:v C
WhenvATPvisvdeficient,vimpairedvmusclevcontractionvresults.vNonevofvthevothervoptionsvarevinvo
lvedvinvmusclevcontraction.
REF:v p.v16
10. WhichvphasevofvcatabolismvproducesvthevmostvATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricvacidvcycle
ANS:v D
WhilevsomevATPvisvproducedvduringvthevoxidationvandvglycolysisvphases,vmostvofvthevATPvisvgenera
tedvduringvthevcitricvacidvcycle.vDigestionvdoesvnotvproducevanyvATP.
