Bio 235 Exam 3 Study Guide Questions And Answers 100% Pass

Bio 235 Exam 3 Study Guide Questions And Answers 100% Pass explain the difference between the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems - Pulmonary circulatory system is the blood that circulates to and from the lungs. It starts at the R. Ventricle and ends in the L. Atrium. Systemic circulatory system is the blood that circulates through out the body. It starts at the L. Ventricle and ends at the R. Atrium. know the basic chambers of the heart and arteries leaving and veins returning to the heart. Starting with the vena cava, list the structures blood passes through on its way to the aorta. - deoxygenated blood > Superior and inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > 2 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights oxygenated blood > pulmonary veins > left atrium > bicuspid or mitral valves > left ventricle > aortic valves > aorta > throughout the body. explain muscle contraction in cardiac muscle. Figure 14 - 9 - contraction = Action Potential from adjacent cell activates voltage-gated calcium channels and allows calcium to enter the cell. calcium influx from ECF induces calcium release through receptor channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium exits the Sr into ICF. calcium then triggers muscle contraction. relaxation = calcium binds to troponin and causes muscle relaxation. the unbounded calcium gets pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum through a energy derived Channel or exchanges with sodium in the ECF through an antiporter. sodium gradient is then maintained through a sodium potassium atpase. what three types of ion channels are involved in the action potential and cardiac muscle cells? be able to explain which ions are flowing during the rising plateau and falling phases. figure 14-10 - double gated Na+ channels, voltage gated, Ca2+ channels, fast & slow K+ channels 3 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights Rising phase (Phase 0) = sodium channels open causing the influx of sodium which drives depolarization. Plateau phase (phase 1-2) = Fast K+ channels close and Ca2+ channels open. Ca2+influx and less K+ exiting prevents further repolarization creating a plateau of A.P. falling phase (phase 3) = calcium channels are close and slow potassium channels open allowing potassium efflux and Begins the repolarization of the cell to return the contractile cell back to its resting potential of -90mV. what prevents tetanus in the cardiac muscle cells? - longer refractory period prevents tetanus in the cardiac muscle cells because it allows the muscle time to completely relax before it can be stimulated again by another action potential. 4 100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights what are four types of autoactive tissues (SA node is one) in the heart and what are their basal rates of discharge in beats per minute? - SA node with 70 beats per minute. AV node with 50 beats per minute. bundle of His with 20 to 40 beats per minute. purkinje fibers with 35 beats per minute explain the spread of electrical activity among the four types of autoactive tissue. figure 14-14 - SA node depolarizes > signal rapidly goes through Internodal pathway then slows down in contractile cells in the atria > AV node deplorizes sends A.P. > AV bundle/bundle of His > purkinje fibers fires rapid A.P. to all contractile cells in apex of heart and up the ve