BIOL 235: Chapter 11 Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in the
production of body movements. - ✔✔skeletal muscle is attached to bone at
origin and insertion. skeletal muscle contracts and pulls on bone. bones
serve as levers. joint act as a fulcrum. load is the weight of the object.
Describe how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in a
muscle group work together to produce movements. - ✔✔Opposing pairs
of muscle group, often on opposite side of the body, balance out
movement. The agonist and antagonist change roles depending on the
movement. If they contract equally then there is stability and no
movement. The agonist will initiate a contraction and the antagonist will
yield and stretch to that effect. Fixaor stabilze the origin. Synergists support
the needs of the prime mover by stabilizing intermediate joints. .
1
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,describe the characteristics used in the naming of skeletal muscles. -
✔✔combination of word roots of distinctive features.
- direction of muscle fascicles (rectus are parallel to midline; transverse are
perpendicular to midline; oblique are diagonal to midline)
-size (major/ minor or short/long)
-shape (deltoid =triangular; trapezius = trapezoid)
-action (flexor - decrease joint angle; extensor - increase joint angle)
- number of origins (biceps = two origins)
list the names, locations and actions of principal skeletal muscles. - ✔✔...
list the origins and insertions of several specific skeletal muscles. - ✔✔...
origin - ✔✔attachment of muscle's tendon onto the stationary bone. usually
proximal.
insertion - ✔✔attachment of the muscles tendon to the moveable bone.
usual distal.
belly (body) - ✔✔fleshy part of the tendons between the tendons
2
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, lever system and leverage (fulcrum, effort, load/resistance) - ✔✔levers -
bones (rigid structure that moves around a fixed point (fulcrum) and i
acted on by two opposing forces: load and effort
fulcrum - joint
load/resistance - weight of object + bone holding it
effort - of the muscle that needs to contact
prime mover or agonist - ✔✔within opposing pairs of skeletal muscles, this
one leads the contraction to cause an action
antagonist - ✔✔within opposing pair of skeletal muscles, this one yields
and stretches to the force of the prime mover (agonist)
synergist - ✔✔("work together") prevent unwanted movement at
intermediate joints or aid the movement of the prime mover, these muscles
contract and stabilize the intermediate joints. e.g., allow fingers to flex but
wrists don't have to.
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
and Answers 100% Pass
Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in the
production of body movements. - ✔✔skeletal muscle is attached to bone at
origin and insertion. skeletal muscle contracts and pulls on bone. bones
serve as levers. joint act as a fulcrum. load is the weight of the object.
Describe how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist and fixator in a
muscle group work together to produce movements. - ✔✔Opposing pairs
of muscle group, often on opposite side of the body, balance out
movement. The agonist and antagonist change roles depending on the
movement. If they contract equally then there is stability and no
movement. The agonist will initiate a contraction and the antagonist will
yield and stretch to that effect. Fixaor stabilze the origin. Synergists support
the needs of the prime mover by stabilizing intermediate joints. .
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,describe the characteristics used in the naming of skeletal muscles. -
✔✔combination of word roots of distinctive features.
- direction of muscle fascicles (rectus are parallel to midline; transverse are
perpendicular to midline; oblique are diagonal to midline)
-size (major/ minor or short/long)
-shape (deltoid =triangular; trapezius = trapezoid)
-action (flexor - decrease joint angle; extensor - increase joint angle)
- number of origins (biceps = two origins)
list the names, locations and actions of principal skeletal muscles. - ✔✔...
list the origins and insertions of several specific skeletal muscles. - ✔✔...
origin - ✔✔attachment of muscle's tendon onto the stationary bone. usually
proximal.
insertion - ✔✔attachment of the muscles tendon to the moveable bone.
usual distal.
belly (body) - ✔✔fleshy part of the tendons between the tendons
2
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
, lever system and leverage (fulcrum, effort, load/resistance) - ✔✔levers -
bones (rigid structure that moves around a fixed point (fulcrum) and i
acted on by two opposing forces: load and effort
fulcrum - joint
load/resistance - weight of object + bone holding it
effort - of the muscle that needs to contact
prime mover or agonist - ✔✔within opposing pairs of skeletal muscles, this
one leads the contraction to cause an action
antagonist - ✔✔within opposing pair of skeletal muscles, this one yields
and stretches to the force of the prime mover (agonist)
synergist - ✔✔("work together") prevent unwanted movement at
intermediate joints or aid the movement of the prime mover, these muscles
contract and stabilize the intermediate joints. e.g., allow fingers to flex but
wrists don't have to.
3
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
