BIOL 235 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Arteries - ✔✔Carry blood away from the heart to other organs
Arterioles (resistance vessels) - ✔✔The smallest arteries which branch into
blood capillaries
Blood Capillaries (exchange vessels) - ✔✔Smallest blood vessels that have
thin walls allowing for the exchange of substances between the blood and
body tissue
Venules - ✔✔Small veins formed from groups of blood capillaries; they
merge to form larger blood vessels called veins
Veins - ✔✔Carry blood from the tissue back to the heart
Blood vessel structure - ✔✔(1) Tunica interna consisting of endothelium,
basement membrane and internal elastic lamina. (2) Tunica media
1
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,composed of smooth muscle tissue that regulates the diameter of the
lumen. (3) Tunica externa consisting of elastic and collagen fibers.
Arteries structure - ✔✔Contain many elastic fibers and thus have high
compliance meaning their walls stretch easily and expand without tearing
when pressure increases.
Elastic arteries (conducting arteries) - ✔✔Large diameter, thin walls, well-
defined internal and external laminae, thick tunica media called elastic
lamellae. Includes aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Functions to propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing; elastic
fibers functions as a pressure reservoir.
Muscular arteries (distributing arteries) - ✔✔Medium diameter, tunic
media has more smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers, and thick walls. Thick
tunica externa that can change diameter of vessel. Maintain vascular tone.
Distribute blood to various parts of the body.
Anastomoses - ✔✔The point where 2 blood vessels merge that supply the
same body region. Provide alternative routes for blood.
2
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,Collateral circulation - ✔✔The alternative route of blood flow to a body
part through an anastomosis.
Arteriole Structure - ✔✔Consists of thin tunica interna with thin internal
elastic lamina that has small pores. Tunica media consists of 1-2 layers of
smooth muscle cells. Tunica externa consists of areolar CT with lots of
unmyelinated sympathetic nerves.
Capillary Structure - ✔✔Form the u-turns that connect the arterial outflow
to the venous return and also form an extensive network of short,
branched, interconnecting vessels that go through individuals cells. Lack
tunica media and tunica externa, allowing for easy exchange.
Microcirculation - ✔✔The flow of blood from metarteriole through
capillaries and into a postcapillary venule. Primary function is the
exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
Vasomotion - ✔✔intermittent flow of blood through capillaries due to
alternating contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincters
3
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, Thoroughfare channel - ✔✔Distal end of vessel with no smooth muscle,
provides direct route for blood from an arteriole to a venule, thus
bypassing capillaries.
3 types of capillaries - ✔✔1. Continuous capillaries
2. Fenestrated capillaries
3. Sinusoids
Continuous capillaries - ✔✔Plasma membrane of endothelial cells form a
continuous tube that is only interrupted by intercellular clefts. Found in
CNS, lungs, muscle tissue, and the skin.
Fenestrated capillaries - ✔✔Plasma membrane of endothelial cells have
many small pores. Found in kidneys, villi of small intestine, choroid
plexuses of the ventricles in the brain, ciliary processes of the yes, and most
endocrine glands.
Sinusoids - ✔✔Wider and more winding, have large pores and an
incomplete or absent basement membrane. Large intercellular clefts allow
4
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Answers 100% Pass
Arteries - ✔✔Carry blood away from the heart to other organs
Arterioles (resistance vessels) - ✔✔The smallest arteries which branch into
blood capillaries
Blood Capillaries (exchange vessels) - ✔✔Smallest blood vessels that have
thin walls allowing for the exchange of substances between the blood and
body tissue
Venules - ✔✔Small veins formed from groups of blood capillaries; they
merge to form larger blood vessels called veins
Veins - ✔✔Carry blood from the tissue back to the heart
Blood vessel structure - ✔✔(1) Tunica interna consisting of endothelium,
basement membrane and internal elastic lamina. (2) Tunica media
1
100% Pass Guarantee Katelyn Whitman, All Rights
,composed of smooth muscle tissue that regulates the diameter of the
lumen. (3) Tunica externa consisting of elastic and collagen fibers.
Arteries structure - ✔✔Contain many elastic fibers and thus have high
compliance meaning their walls stretch easily and expand without tearing
when pressure increases.
Elastic arteries (conducting arteries) - ✔✔Large diameter, thin walls, well-
defined internal and external laminae, thick tunica media called elastic
lamellae. Includes aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Functions to propel blood onward while ventricles are relaxing; elastic
fibers functions as a pressure reservoir.
Muscular arteries (distributing arteries) - ✔✔Medium diameter, tunic
media has more smooth muscle, fewer elastic fibers, and thick walls. Thick
tunica externa that can change diameter of vessel. Maintain vascular tone.
Distribute blood to various parts of the body.
Anastomoses - ✔✔The point where 2 blood vessels merge that supply the
same body region. Provide alternative routes for blood.
2
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,Collateral circulation - ✔✔The alternative route of blood flow to a body
part through an anastomosis.
Arteriole Structure - ✔✔Consists of thin tunica interna with thin internal
elastic lamina that has small pores. Tunica media consists of 1-2 layers of
smooth muscle cells. Tunica externa consists of areolar CT with lots of
unmyelinated sympathetic nerves.
Capillary Structure - ✔✔Form the u-turns that connect the arterial outflow
to the venous return and also form an extensive network of short,
branched, interconnecting vessels that go through individuals cells. Lack
tunica media and tunica externa, allowing for easy exchange.
Microcirculation - ✔✔The flow of blood from metarteriole through
capillaries and into a postcapillary venule. Primary function is the
exchange of substances between blood and interstitial fluid
Vasomotion - ✔✔intermittent flow of blood through capillaries due to
alternating contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincters
3
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, Thoroughfare channel - ✔✔Distal end of vessel with no smooth muscle,
provides direct route for blood from an arteriole to a venule, thus
bypassing capillaries.
3 types of capillaries - ✔✔1. Continuous capillaries
2. Fenestrated capillaries
3. Sinusoids
Continuous capillaries - ✔✔Plasma membrane of endothelial cells form a
continuous tube that is only interrupted by intercellular clefts. Found in
CNS, lungs, muscle tissue, and the skin.
Fenestrated capillaries - ✔✔Plasma membrane of endothelial cells have
many small pores. Found in kidneys, villi of small intestine, choroid
plexuses of the ventricles in the brain, ciliary processes of the yes, and most
endocrine glands.
Sinusoids - ✔✔Wider and more winding, have large pores and an
incomplete or absent basement membrane. Large intercellular clefts allow
4
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